1. Introduction: Muslims and modernity: culture and society in an age of contest and plurality Robert W. Hefner; Part I. Social Transformations: 2. New networks and new knowledge: migrations, communications and the refiguration of the Muslim community in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries R. Michael Feener; 3. Population, urbanisation and the dialectics of globalisation Clement M. Henry; 4. The origins and early development of Islamic reform Ahmad S. Dallal; 5. Reform and modernism in the middle twentieth century John O. Voll; 6. Islamic resurgence and its aftermath Saïd Amir Arjomand; 7. The new transnationalism: globalising Islamic movements Peter Mandaville; 8. Muslims in the West: Europe John Bowen; 9. Muslims in the West: North America Karen Isaksen Leonard; 10. New frontiers and conversion Robert Launay; Part II. Religion and Law: 11. Contemporary trends in Muslim legal thought and ideology Sami Zubaida; 12. A case comparison: Islamic law and the Saudi and Iranian legal systems Frank E. Vogel; 13. Beyond Dhimmihood: citizenship and human rights Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im; 14. The