Introduction Francis Robinson; Part I. The Onset of Western Domination: 1. The Ottoman lands to the post-First World War settlement Carter Vaughn Findley; 2. Egypt to c. 1919 Kenneth M. Cuno; 3. Sudan, Somalia and the Maghreb to the end of the First World War Knut S. Vikor; 4. Arabia to the end of the First World War Paul Dresch; 5. Iran to 1919 Ali M. Ansari; 6. Russia, Central Asia and the Caucasus to 1917 Adeeb Khalid; 7. Afghanistan to 1919 Nazif M. Shahrani; 8. South Asia to 1919 Francis Robinson; 9. Southeast Asia and China to 1910 William Gervase Clarence-Smith; 10. Africa south of the Sahara to the First World War Roman Loimeier; Part II. Independence and Revival: 11. Turkey from the rise of Ataturk Re¿at Kasaba; 12. West Asia from the First World War Charles Tripp; 13. Egypt from 1919 Joel Gordon; 14. Sudan from 1919 Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban and Richard A. Lobban, Jr.; 15. North Africa from the First World War Kenneth J. Perkins; 16. Saudi Arabia, southern Arabia and the gulf states from the First World War David Commins; 17. Iran from 1919 Misagh Parsa; 18. Central Asia and the Caucasus from the First World War Muriel Atkin; 19. Afghanistan from 1919 Nazif M. Shahrani; 20. South Asia from 1919 Vali Nasr; 21. Southeast Asia from 1910 Robert W. Hefner; 22. Africa south of the Sahara from the First World War John H. Hanson; 23. Islam in China from the First World War Dru C. Gladney; 24. Islam in the West Humayun Ansari.