Huisheng Xie received his DVM at the Sichuan College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine in Sichuan, China. He was an assistant and staff veterinarian in the College of Veterinary Medicine of the Beijing Agricultural University. After receiving his master of veterinary science in veterinary acupuncture, he was assistant and associate professor in the Beijing Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine. He received advanced training in human acupuncture at the Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the National Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and later earned his PhD from the University of Florida for investigation of the mechanisms of pain control in horses using acupuncture. Currently, he is clinical assistant professor and director of the acupuncture internship training program in the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Florida. Dr. Xie is founder of the Chi Institute in Reddick, Florida, which trains veterinarians in Chinese acupuncture and herbal medicine ([...] He has received achievement awards from the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Science and Technology Committee, the Beijing Agricultural University, Nihon University (Japan), University of Mexico (Mexico), and China National Society of TCVM. He speaks internationally on veterinary acupuncture and herbal medicine, and is the author of numerous books and papers. His textbooks include Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 1, Fundamental Principles.

Vanessa Preast received her DVM from the University of Florida in 2000. As a graduate of the Chi Institute, she became certified in small animal acupuncture. She incorporated acupuncture into her practice of small animal medicine and surgery. Currently, she is a doctoral student in teaching and learning. She coauthored and edited Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Vol.1, Fundamental Principles.

Contributors ix Preface xi 1 Introduction to Meridians 3Huisheng Xie and Vanessa Preast The Jing-Luo System 3 A. Discovery of the Jing-Luo System 3 B. The 12 Regular Channels 5 C. The 8 Extraordinary Channels (Qi-Jing-Ba-Mai) 6 D. The 14 Regular Channels 7 E. The 15 Collaterals 9 F. The 12 Divergent Meridians (Shi-Er-Jing-Bie) 10 G. The 12 Muscle Regions (Shi-Er-Jing-Jin) 10 H. The 12 Cutaneous Regions 10 Root, Basis, Manifestation, and Branch of Meridians 10 A. The Basis (Ben) and Manifestation (Biao) 10 B. The Root (Gen) and Branch (Jie) 10 Qi Streets and Four Seas of the Meridians 11 A. The Qi Streets (Qi-Jie) 11 B. Four Seas (Si-Hai) 11 Functions of the Jing-Luo 11 A. Physiological Aspects 11 B. Pathological Aspects 12 C. Therapeutic Aspects 12 2 Introduction to Acupuncture Points 13Huisheng Xie and Vanessa Preast Nomenclature of Acupoints 13 A. Traditional Nomenclature System 13 B. Western Nomenclature System 13 Classification of Acupoints 14 Therapeutic Effects of Acupoints 15 A. General Therapeutic Effects 15 B. Special Acupoints 15 Methods to Locate the Points 24 A. The Acupuncture Unit of Measurement of 24 the Body B. Proportional Measurement 24 C. Anatomic Landmarks 26 D. Tail Vertebral or Last Rib Cun Measurement 26 E. Finger Cun Measurement 26 3 Equine Transpositional Acupoints 27Huisheng Xie and Lisa Trevisanello Lung Channel 27 Large Intestine Channel 29 Stomach Channel 34 Spleen Channel 41 Heart Channel 46 Small Intestine Channel 48 Bladder Channel 53 Kidney Channel 60 Pericardium Channel 64 Triple Heater Channel 66 Gallbladder Channel 70 Liver Channel 75 Governing Vessel Channel 78 Conception Vessel Channel 82 4 Equine Classical Acupoints 89Huisheng Xie and Kosei Yamagiwa Head Regions 89 Trunk and Tail Regions 95 Thoracic Limb Regions 104 Pelvic Limb Regions 110 Extra Points 117 Ear Points 123 Acupuncture Analgesia Points 126 5 Canine Transpositional Acupoints 129Cheryl Chrisman and Huisheng Xie Lung Channel 134 Large Intestine Channel 137 Stomach Channel 141 Spleen Channel 149 Heart Channel 154 Small Intestine Channel 156 Bladder Channel 160 Kidney Channel 169 Pericardium Channel 174 Triple Heater Channel 176 Gallbladder Channel 182 Liver Channel 190 Governing Vessel Channel 194 Conception Vessel Channel 200 Overview of the Most Commonly Used Transpositional Acupoints 204 6 Canine Classical Acupoints 217Cheryl Chrisman and Huisheng Xie Head and Neck Regions 217 Trunk and Tail Regions 222 Thoracic Limbs 228 Pelvic Limbs 232 7 General Rules of Acupuncture Therapy 235Huisheng Xie and Vanessa Preast Six Basic Acupuncture Methods 235 A. Tonifying and Reducing Methods 235 B. Warming and Cooling Methods 237 C. Ascending and Descending Method 237 Five General Principles to Select Acupuncture Points 238 A. Selection of Local Points 238 B. Selection of Distant Points 238 C. Selection of Symptomatic Points 238 D. Selection of Balance Points 238 E. Selection of Special Points 239 Eight Methods for Deficiency Pattern 239 A. General Tonic Points 240 B. Source (Yuan) Point 240 C. Influential Point 240 D. Back-shu Association Points or Front-mu Alarm Points240 E. Mother Point on That Channel 241 F. Five Levels of Five-Shu Points 241 G. Hind Limb Yin Channel He-Sea Points 241 H. Four-Point Techniques 241 Eight Methods for Excess 242 A. Local Points 242 B. Master Points 242 C. Influential Points 243 D. Back-shu Associate Points or Front-mu Alarm Points243 E. Energetic Points 243 F. Five Levels of Five-Shu Points 243 G. The Child Point 243 H. Other Eight Methods 243 Number of Points Selected 244 Duration of Acupuncture Treatment 244 Frequency of Acupuncture Treatment Sessions 245 Preparation for Acupuncture 245 Precautions and Contraindications 245 Management of Possible Accidents 246 A. Stuck Needle 246 B. Broken Needle 246 C. Swallowed Needle 246 D. Hematoma 246 8 Acupuncture for Treatment of Musculoskeletal and Neurological Disorders 247Huisheng Xie and Vanessa Preast Bi Syndrome 247 Facial Paralysis 251 Shoulder Pain 252 Scapula-Chest Pain (Jia-qi Pain) 253 Elbow Pain 253 Paralysis of the Radial Nerve 254 Carpal Pain 254 Bucked Shins 254 Splints 255 Tendon and Ligament Problems 256 Fetlock and Pastern Pain 256 Heel and Hoof Pain 257 Hip Pain 258 Sciatic and Femoral Nerve Paralysis 259 Stifle Pain 259 Hock Pain 260 Cervical Bi Syndrome and Wobbler's Syndrome 260 Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) 261 Lyme Disease 262 Laryngeal Paralysis or Hemiplegia 262 Tying up (Exertional Rhabdomyolysis) 262 Anhidrosis 263 Seizures 263 9 Acupuncture for Internal Medicine 267Huisheng Xie Common Cold (Shang-feng) 267 Cough (Ke-Sou Syndrome) 267 Dyspnea and Asthma (Chuan zheng) 270 Nasal Congestion and Discharge 272 Anorexia Syndrome 274 Vomiting 276 Diarrhea 279 Abdominal Pain (Colic) 283 Impaction and Constipation (Jie Zheng) 285 Jaundice Syndrome (Huang-dan) 286 Wei Syndrome 287 Shen Disturbance 290 Heart Failure 292 Edema Syndrome 295 Renal Failure 296 Lin Syndrome 298 Infertility 300 Diabetes 302 Cushing's Disease 304 Hypothyroidism 306 Hyperthyroidism 307 10 Acupuncture for Acute and Miscellaneous Conditions 309Huisheng Xie Syncope and Collapse 309 High Fever 309 Hemorrhage 311 Eye Problems 312 Otitis 314 Stomatitis and Gingivitis 314 Excessive Salivation 315 Pruritus and Skin Allergy 316 Urticaria 318 Sores and Open Wounds 319 Burns 319 Prolapse 320 Heatstroke and Sunstroke 321 Meningitis and Encephalitis 321 Hydrocephalus 322 Diaphragm Spasm (Thumps) 322 Vaginitis and Metritis 323 Edema During Pregnancy 324 Fetus Restlessness 324 Prevention of Abortion 325 Retained Placenta 325 Agalactia (Lack of Milk) 325 Mastitis 326 Poisonings 326 Obesity 327 Poor Performance 327 Aging and Senility 327 11 Techniques of Veterinary Acupuncture and Moxibustion 329Bruce Ferguson Types and Sizes of Acupuncture Needles 329 Finding Effective Acupuncture Points 330 Techniques for Needle Insertion 330 Arrival of Qi 332 Types and Techniques of Acupuncture 332 Methods of Stimulating Acupuncture Points 333 Dry Needle Acupuncture 333 Hemoacupuncture 333 Aquapuncture 333 Pneumoacupuncture 333 Moxibustion 334 Acupuncture Effect with Electrical Devices 334 Material Implants 335 Acupuncture Needle Mishaps 335 Specialized Dry Needle Techniques 336 Scalp Acupuncture 336 Auriculotherapy 336 Tips for the Acupuncturist 336 Qi-gong Exercises 336 Position of Acupuncturist 336 Position of Patient 337 Caretaker Interference 337 Important Species-Specific Notes 337 12 Functional Neuroanatomical Physiology of Acupuncture 341Roger M. Clemmons Historical Evolution of Modern Acupuncture 341 Recent Advances in Acupuncture 343 Neurophysiology Local Effects of Acupuncture 344 Segmental and Super-Segmental Responses to 344 Acupuncture Conclusion 346 Index 349