Eric L. Hirschhorn served as Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, heading the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), from 2010 until 2017. BIS is responsible for U.S. export controls on commercial and certain military items, participates in the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), and restricts imports for national security reasons under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. As Under Secretary, Mr. Hirschhorn was a leader of President Obama's Export Control Reform initiative, which streamlined the rules governing exports to the United States' closest allies.

Brian J. Egan is a partner at Steptoe & Johnson LLP in Washington DC, where he specializes in economic sanctions, export controls, and other national security laws and regulations. Mr. Egan was formerly the Legal Advisor to the US Department of State, the Legal Adviser to the US National Security Council, and Assistant General Counsel for Enforcement

and Intelligence at the US Department of the Treasury.

Edward J. Krauland is a partner in the International Regulation & Compliance group of the Washington, D.C. law firm Steptoe & Johnson LLP. His practice spans the range of compliance, counselling, government advocacy, investigations, and defence of enforcement actions involving U.S. export control regimes, U.S. economic sanctions programs, anti-boycott regulation, and anti-money laundering controls. He formerly worked for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and was an active member of the American Bar Association International Law Section. He received an AB degree from Princeton University and a JD degree from the University of Michigan Law School.

• Dedication


• About the Authors


• Preface


• How to Use This Book


• Introduction


• Chapter 1: Commerce Department Controls on Exports of "Dual Use" and Lower-Level Military Goods, Software, and Technology


• Chapter 2: State Department Controls on Exports of Defense Articles and Defense Services


• Chapter 3: Economic Sanctions


• Chapter 4: Controls on Exports of Nuclear Commodities and on Assistance to Foreign Nuclear Activities


• Glossary


• Table of Cases