PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 Sepsis: Past, Present, and Futured Lessons From COVID-19 José-Artur Paiva and Jordi Rello 2 Sepsis Definitions: A Historical Perspective Javier Perez-Fernandez, Arlene C. Torres, and Paola Perez 3 The Epidemiology of Sepsis Jamila Hedjal PART II: BASIC CONCEPTS 4 Sepsis Pathophysiology Maria Jimena Aleman, Luisa Cruz, Jorge Hidalgo, and Allyson Hidalgo 5 Sepsis and Microcirculation Carlos Enrique A. Orellana Jimenez 6 Genetics and Sepsis Gabriela Alvarado PART III: DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING 7 Early Detection and Screening Márcio Borges Sá and Rafael Zaragoza Crespo 8 Diagnosis and Monitoring of Sepsis Pietro Arina and Mervyn Singer 9 Sepsis: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers John Lyons and Craig Coopersmith 10 Hemodynamic Monitoring: Current Practice and New Perspectives Christopher Lai and Jean-Louis Teboul 11 Point of Care Ultrasound in the Management of Sepsis Saad Mahdy, Ahmed F. Hegazy and Tharawt Aisa 12 New Approaches and Understanding of Sepsis Vanessa Fonseca-Ferrer, Sulimar Morales-Colón, Luis Gerena-Montano, William Rodríguez-Cintrón, and Gloria M. Rodríguez-Vega 13 Sepsis Quality Indicators in the Emergency Department Luis Antonio Gorordo-Delsol and Graciela Merinos-Sánchez PART IV: TREATMENT 14 Sepsis Treatment: Fluids Michaël Mekeirele, Domien Vanhonacker and Manu L.N.G. Malbrain 15 Vasopressor Therapy in Septic Shock Rajesh Chandra Mishra, Sharmili Sinha, Reena Shah, Ahsan Ahmed and Ahsina Jahan Lopa 16 Mechanical Ventilation in Sepsis Carlos Sánchez, Orlando Pérez-Nieto and Eder Zamarrón 17 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for the Support of Patients With Refractory Septic Shock Jose Alfonso Rubio Mateo-Sidron 18 Antimicrobials in the Management of Sepsis Judith Jacobi 19 Kidney Support in Sepsis Javier Maynar, Helena Barrasa, Alex Martin and Fernando Fonseca 20 Hematological Support in Sepsis Zulmi Aranda, Gerhaldine Morazan and Allyson Hidalgo 21 Specific Treatment of Focus Control in Sepsis Xavier Guirao, Montserrat Juvany, Clara Centeno and Josep Maria Badia 22 Sepsis Adjunctive Therapies Javier Perez-Fernandez and Paola Perez 23 Glycemic Control and Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Janice L. Zimmerman 24 Nutrition in Sepsis Victor Sanchez Nava

PART V: SPECIAL SETTINGS 25 Fever in Intensive Care Units Kazuaki Atagi 26 Sepsis--In the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance Rajesh Chandra Mishra, Sharmili Sinha, Reena Shah, Ahsan Ahmed and Ahsina Jahan Lopa 27 Factors Underlying Racial and Gender Disparities in Sepsis Management Ryoung-Eun Ko and Gee Young Suh 28 Sepsis in Special Populations Marie Baldisseri, Laura S. Johnson, Michael Mazzei and Mary Jane Reed 29 Comprehensive Management of Sepsis in Pediatrics Elisabeth Esteban, Juan Carlos de Carlos, Juan Ignacio Sánchez and Javier Gil Anton 30 Maternal Sepsis Luis Antonio Gorordo-Delsol, Graciela Merinos- Sánchez, Lucina Nieves-Torres and Jeanette Zúñiga Escorza PART VI: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 31 Role of Preventive Measures in Sepsis Jorge Sinclair, Jorge E. Sinclair De Frías and Lorenzo Olivero 32 Value of the Protocolization and Sepsis Performance Improvement Program in Early Identification Carlos Sanchez 33 Long-Term Sequelae of Sepsis Ahmed Taha PART VII: FUTURE OUTLOOK 34 New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodríguez, Luis Chiscano-Camón, Erika-Paola Plata Menchaca and Ricard Ferrer 35 Artificial Intelligence in Sepsis Michiel Schinkel, Ketan Paranjape, Prabath W.B. Nanayakkara and W. Joost Wiersinga