Introduction Maribel Fierro; Part I. Al-Andalus, North and West Africa: 1. Al-Andalus and the Maghrib (from the fifth/eleventh century to the fall of the Almoravids) María Jesús Viguera-Molins; 2. The central lands of North Africa and Sicily, until the beginning of the Almohad period Michael Brett; 3. The Almohads (524-646/1130-1248) and the Hafsids (627-932/1229-1526) Maribel Fierro; 4. The post-Almohad dynasties in al-Andalus and the Maghrib (seventh-ninth/thirteenth-fifteenth centuries) Fernando Rodríguez Mediano; 5. West Africa and its early empires Ulrich Rebstock; Part II. Egypt and Syria: 6. Bil¿d al-Sh¿m, from the Fatimid conquest to the fall of the Ayyubids (359-658/970-1260) Anne-Marie Eddé; 7. The Fatimid caliphate (358-567/969-1171) and the Ayyubids in Egypt (567-648/1171-1250) Yaacov Lev; 8. The Mamluks in Egypt and Syria: the Turkish Mamluk sultanate (648-784/1250-1382) and the Circassian Mamluk sultanate (784-923/1382-1517) Amalia Levanoni; 9. Western Arabia and Yemen (fifth/eleventh century to the Ottoman conquest) Esther Peskes; Part III. Muslim Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire: 10. The Turks in Anatolia before the Ottomans Gary Leiser; 11. The rise of the Ottomans Kate Fleet; 12. The Ottoman Empire (tenth/sixteenth century) Colin Imber; 13. The Ottoman Empire. The age of 'political households' (eleventh-twelfth/seventeenth-eighteenth centuries) Soraiya Faroqhi; 14. Egypt and Syria under the Ottomans Bruce Masters; 15. Western Arabia and Yemen during the Ottoman period Bernard Haykel; Part IV. North and West Africa: 16. Shar¿fian rule in Morocco (tenth-twelfth/sixteenth-eighteenth centuries) Stephen Cory; 17. West Africa (tenth-twelfth/sixteenth-eighteenth centuries) Ulrich Rebstock; 18. Ottoman Maghrib Houari Touati; Part V. Rulers, Soldiers, Peasants, Scholars and Traders: 19. State formation and organization Michael Brett; 20. Conversion to Islam. From the 'age of conversions' to the millet system Mercedes García-Arenal; 21. Taxation and armies Albrecht Fuess; 22. Trade; 22A. Muslim trade in the Late Medieval Mediterranean world Olivia Remie Constable; 22B. Overland trade in the western Islamic world (fifth-ninth/eleventh-fifteenth centuries) John L. Meloy; 22C. Trade in the Ottoman lands to 1215/1800 Bruce Masters; 23. The 'ulam¿' Manuela Marín; Bibliography.