1. Introduction: The Papacy in an Age of Ideologies.
2. The Chair of Peter Confronts the French Revolution, 1789-1799: A Turbulent Decade.
3. The Papacy and Napoleonic France: From Compromise to Confrontation, 1800-1814.
4. Rome: From Restoration to Revolution, 1815-1831.
5. The Holy See and the First Crisis of Modernization, 1831-1846.
6. The Holy See in a Turbulent Decade, 1846-1856.
7. Papal Intransigence and Infallibility in an Age of Liberalism and Nationalism.
8. Rome's Attempt at Accommodation with the Modern World, 1878-1903.
9. The Vatican's Condemnation of Americanism and Modernism.
10. Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace During and after World War One.
11. The Vatican Between the Democracies and the Dictatorships in the Interwar Period.
12. The Diplomacy and `Silence' of Pope Pius XII During World War Two.
13. The Holy See and Cold War in Transition.
14. Aggiornamento and the Opening of Vatican II: Reconciliation of the Papacy with the Modern World.
15. The Papacy in the Age of Transition: The Pontificate of Paul VI.
16. The Year of Three Popes and Beyond: The Contemporary Papacy.
17. Conclusion: Past, Present and Future Prospects for the Papacy.
Endnotes.
Bibliography.