Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) was one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century and the author of numerous works including Being and Time.

Translators' Introduction


INTRODUCTION

THE NECESSITY OF A HISTORICAL THINKING


§ 1. Schelling's Treatise as the Peak of the Metaphysics of German Idealism

§ 2. Historical Thinking, Historiographic Explanation, Systematic Reflection

§ 3. Elucidations of the Title of the Treatise

§ 4. The Organization of the Treatise

§ 5. Brief Excursus on a Further Misgiving (the Historiographic - the Current - That Which Has Been)


PART I

PRELIMINARY REFLECTION ON THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN GROUND AND EXISTENCE


§ 6. The Core Section of the Treatise: The Distinction between Essence Insofar as It Exists and Essence Insofar as it Is Merely Ground of Existence

§ 7. The Organization of the Preliminary Reflection


First Chapter


The Conceptual-Historical Elucidation of Ground and Existence


§ 8. Essentia and Existentia

§ 9. "Existence" and "Philosophy of Existence" (K. Jaspers)

§ 10. Kierkegaard's Concept of Existence

§ 11. Kierkegaard, "Philosophy of Existence," and Being and Time (1927)

a) What Occasion Is There for Classifying Being and Time as "Philosophy of Existence"?

) Analytic of Existence

) Existence - As Understood in the Sense of Kierkegaard's Restriction of It

) Philosophy of Anxiety, of the Nothing, of Death, of Care . . .

) Philosophical Anthropology

b) Rejection of the Classification of Being and Time as Philosophy of Existence by Way of an Elucidation of the Concepts of Existence and Da-sein (Elucidations of Being and Time)

) Existence and Dasein as Meaning "Actuality in General" (As Understood in Traditional Usage of Language)

) Dasein as the Bodily-Psychic-Rational Being-Actual of the Human, and Existence as the Subjectivity of Self-Being (Jaspers)

) "Existentiell" and "Existential" Concepts of Existence

) "Understanding of Being" as the Decisive Determination of Dasein and Existence in Being and Time

) Dasein, Temporality, and Time

) Temporality, Da-sein, Existence

) Anxiety, Death, Guilt, the Nothing within the Realm of Questioning in Being and Time

) The "Essence" of Da-sein

) Understanding of Being, and Being

) Being and the Human - Anthropomorphism

§ 12. Preliminary Interpretation of Schelling's Concept of Existence

§ 13. The Inceptive Impetuses Determining the Essence of Ground and Their Historical Transformation


Second Chapter


The Root of Schelling's Distinction between Ground and Existence


§ 14. Elucidation of the Essential Determination of Being as Willing

a) The Essential Predicates of Being

) Ground-lessness

) Eternity

) Independence from Time

) Self-Affirmation

b) Justification of the Predicates of Being

c) In What Way Willing Is Sufficient for the Predicates of Being

d) Being in Its Highest and Ultimate Jurisdiction

§ 15. Being as Willing as the Root of the Distinction between Ground and Existence


Third Chapter


The Inner Necessity of Schelling's Distinction between Ground and Existence


Fourth Chapter


The Various Formulations of Schelling's Distinction between Ground and Existence


§ 16. The Proper Aim of the Interpretation of the Freedom Treatise: Reaching the Fundamental Position of the Metaphysics of German Idealism. Evil and the System

§ 17. Transition from the Preliminary Reflection to the Interpretation of the Core Section of the Treatise and of the Latter Itself


PART II


AN INTERPRETATION OF THE CORE SECTION, "THE ELUCIDATION OF THE DISTINCTION" BETWEEN GROUND AND EXISTENCE


§ 18. The "Elucidation of the Distinction" as the Presentation of Beings as a Whole (God, World, Human)


First Chapter


The Reflection that Takes God as a Starting Point


§ 19. The Direct Elucidation: The Presentation of the Being of Beings "in" God. Philosophy as Unconditional Knowledge of the Absolute in Contrast to Theology and Mathematics. The Various Senses of the Word "Nature"

a) Philosophy and Theology

b) Philosophy and Mathematics

c) The Concept of the Absolute in Schelling and Hegel

§ 20. The Analogical Elucidation: Presentation of the Correspondence Between the Stations of the Being of the Absolute

§ 21. The Circularity of the Distinction Between Ground and Existence

§ 22. Summary of What Was Said about the Distinction in God

§ 23. Excursus: The Unconditional Precedence of the Certainty (That Is to Say, Concurrently: the Beingness) of the Absolute


Second Chapter


The Reflection that Takes its Point of Departure from Things


§ 24. The Ground in God as "Originary Yearning"

§ 25. Creation as Formation through the Imagination; the Creature as "Image"


Third Chapter


The Reflection that Takes its Point of Departure from the Human


§ 26. The Necessity of Creation and the Essence of the Human as the Proper Creature in which God Himself Reveals Himself

§ 27. Human Will as "Divine Glimpse of Life" and "Seed of God"


CONCLUSION


OVERVIEW

§ 28 The "Distinction" and the Essence of Freedom and of Human Freedom in Particular

§ 29 The "Distinction" in its Full Essence

§ 30. The "Distinction" and the Essence of the Human

§ 31. The Essence of Evil

§ 32. Evil and the System

§ 33. The System and the Truth (Certainty) of Beings as a Whole

§ 34. What Confrontation Means with Respect to Metaphysics


RECAPITULATIONS AND COURSE OF THE INTERPRETATION


Recapitulation of 14 January

Recapitulation of 21 January

Recapitulation of 28 January

Recapitulation of 4 February

Recapitulation of 11 February

Recapitulation of 18 February

Recapitulation of 25 February

Recapitulation of 4 March

Recapitulation of 11 March


APPENDIX


Preliminary Glimpses and Directives

Transitional Reflection on Hegel

The Confrontation with the Metaphysics of German Idealism and with Metaphysics in General

Supplement (Leibniz)


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