Manus I. Midlarsky is the Moses and Annuta Back Professor of International Peace and Conflict Resolution at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. He has authored or edited eleven books and 65 articles and book chapters. His publications include The Evolution of Inequality: War, State Survival, and Democracy in Comparative Perspectives and the edited volumes Inequality, Democracy, and Economic Development (Cambridge, 1997), and the Handbook of War Studies II.

Preface; Part I. Introduction: 1. Preliminary considerations; 2. Case selection; Part II. Explaining Perpetrators: Theoretical Foundations: 3. Continuity and validation; 4. Prologue to theory; 5. A theoretical framework; Part III. The Theory Applied: 6. Threat of numbers, realpolitik, and ethnic cleansing; 7. Realpolitik and loss; 8. The need for unity and altruistic punishment; 9. Perpetrating states; Part IV. Victim Vulnerability: Explaining Magnitude and Manner of Dying: 10. Raison d'état, raison d'église; 11. Cynical realpolitik and the unwanted; 12. High victimization: the role of realpolitik; 13. Inequality and absence of identification; 14. On the possibility of revolt and altruistic punishment; Part V. Exceptions: 15. A dog of different nature: the Cambodian Politicide; 16. Dogs that didn't bark I: realpolitik and the absence of loss; 17. Dogs that didn't bark II: affinity and vulnerability reduction; Part VI. Conclusion: 18. Findings, consequences, and prevention.