List of Maps vii

Acknowledgements ix

Note on References x

Abbreviations xi

Introduction 1

Part One: 'Frogs round a Pond': Ideas of the Mediterranean 7

I A Geographical Expression 9

1. What is the Mediterranean?;2. The Challenge of the Continents;3. The Mediterranean Disintegrated; 4. Intimations of Unity

II a Historian's Mediterranean 26

1. The Imaginary Sea; 2. Four Men in a Boat; 3. The End of the Mediterranean; 4. Mediterranean History; 5. Historical Ecology

Part Two: 'Short Distances and Definite Places': Mediterranean Microecologies 51

III Four Definite Places 53

1. The Biqa; 2. South Etruria; 3. The Green Mountain, Cyrenaica; 4. Melos; 5. 'La trame du monde'; 6. Mountains and Pastures; 7. Theodoric and Dante

IV Ecology and the Larger Settlement 89

1. An Urban Tradition; 2. Definitions; 3. The Urban Variable; 4. Types and Theories; 5. Consumption; 6. Settlement Ecology; 7. Autarky; 8. Dispersed Hinterlands

V Connectivity 123

1. Lines of Sound and Lines of Sight; 2. Extended Archipelagos; 3. Shipping Lanes; 4. Economies Compared; 5. The Early Medieval Depression; 6. Connectivity Maintained?; 7. Conclusion Copyrighted Material

Part Three: Revolution and Catastrophe 173

VI Imperatives of Survival: Diversify, Store, Redistribute 175

1. The History of Mediterranean Food Systems; 2. The New Ecological Economic History; 3. Understanding the Marginal; 4. The Integrated Mediterranean Forest; 5. The Underestimated Mediterranean Wetland; 6. 'These Places Feed Many Pickling-Fish .'; 7. Mediterranean Animal Husbandry; 8. Cereals and the Dry Margin; 9. The Case of the Tree-Crop; 10. The Mediterranean Garden; 11. The Smaller Mediterranean Island

VII Technology and Agrarian Change 231

1. Working the Soil; 2. The Irrigated Landscape; 3. On the Diversity of Cultivated Plants; 4. Abatement and Intensification; 5. Anatomy of the Mediterranean Countryman; 6. Colonizations and Allotments; 7. The Reception of Innovation

VIII Mediterranean Catastrophes 298

1. On the History of Catastrophe; 2. An Unstable World; 3. Alluvial Catastrophe and its Causes; 4. Sediments and History; 5. The History of Vegetation; 6. Environmental History without Catastrophe

IX Mobility of Goods and People 342

1. Inescapable Redistribution; 2. Animal, Vegetable and ; 3. The Problem of Mediterranean Textiles; 4. Problems with High Commerce; 5. The Ultimate Resource; 6. Organized Mobility; 7. Places of Redistribution

Part Four: The Geography of Religion 401

X 'territories of Grace' 403

1. Religion and the Physical Environment; 2. A Perilous Environment; 3. The Sacralized Economy; 4. The Religion of Mobility; 5. The Religion of Boundary and Belonging

Part Five: 'Museums of Man'? The Uses of Social Anthropology 461

XI 'mists of Time': Anthropology and Continuity 463

1. Survivals Revisited; 2. Balanced Arcadias; 3. The Presence of the Past; 4. Upstreaming

XII 'i also Have a Moustache': Anthropology and

Mediterranean Unity 485

1. Grands faits méditerranéens?; 2. Mediterranean Values?; 3. Honour and Shame I; 4. Honour and Shame II; 5. Honour in the City; 6. Pattern and Depth; 7. Distinctiveness; 8. Origins; 9. History; 10. The Case for Mediterraneanism

Bibliographical Essays 530

Consolidated Bibliography 642

Index 737