Introduction Allen W. Wood; Part I. Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century: 1. The Kantian aftermath: reaction and revolution in German philosophy Robert Pippin; 2. The social conditions of philosophy in the nineteenth century Terry Pinkard; 3. The unity of reason and the diversity of life: the idea of a system in Kant and nineteenth-century philosophy Rolf-Peter Horstmann; Part II. Logic and Mathematics: 4. Attempts to rethink logic Jeremy Heis; 5. Some developments in the philosophy of mathematics, 1790-1870 Janet Folina; Part III. Nature: 6. Conceptions of the natural worlds, 1790-1870 Alexander Rueger; 7. Natural sciences Philippe Huneman; Part IV. Mind, Language, and Culture: 8. Psychology Gary Hatfield; 9. Language Michael N. Forster; 10. The emergence of the human sciences from the moral sciences Rudolf Makkreel; 11. The beautiful and the good: aesthetics, 1790-1870 Paul Guyer; Part V. Ethics: 12. Autonomy and the self as the basis of morality Bernard Reginster; 13. Ethics and the social good John Skorupski; 14. Moral epistemology Jerome B. Schneewind and Allen W. Wood; 15. Antimoralism Allen W. Wood; Part VI. Religion: 16. Challenges to religion in the nineteenth century Van A. Harvey; 17. Three types of speculative religion Stephen Crites; 18. The defense of traditional religion, 1790-1870 James C. Livingston; Part VII. Society: 19. Philosophical responses to the French Revolution Frederick C. Beiser and Pamela Edwards; 20. The decline of natural right Jeremy Waldron; 21. Conceptions of society in nineteenth-century social thought Frederick Neuhouser; 22. Nineteenth-century political economy Debra Satz; 23. The nation state Erica Benner; 24. Nineteenth-century ideals: self-culture and the religion of humanity Daniel Brudney; 25. Social dissatisfaction and social change Christine Blaettler; Part VIII. History: 26. Philosophizing about history: the method of Zusammenhang Laurence Dickey; 27. Philosophy of history: the German tradition from Herder to Marx John Zammito; 28. The history of philosophy Michael N. Forster.