Introduction Wendy Ayres-Bennett and John Bellamy; Part I. Revisiting Models and Theories of Language Standardization: 1. Modelling language standardization Wendy Ayres-Bennett; 2. Language standardization 'from above' Gijsbert Rutten and Rik Vosters; 3. Language standardization in a view 'from below' Stephan Elspaß; 4. Social cohesion and emerging standards of Hindi in a multilingual context Anvita Abbi; 5. Standardization in highly multilingual national contexts: the shifting interpretations, limited reach, and great symbolic power of ethnonationalist visions Friederike Lüpke; 6. Standardization of minority languages: nation-state building and globalization Minglang Zhou; Part II. Legitimacy, Authority and the Written Form: 7. Standard languages in the context of language policy and planning and language rights Douglas A. Kibbee; 8. State-appointed institutions: authority and legitimacy in the Spanish-speaking world Darren Paffey; 9. Grammars, dictionaries and other metalinguistic texts in the context of language standardization Nicola McLelland; 10. An industry perspective: dealing with language variation in Collins dictionaries Ian Brookes, Mary O'Neill and Merryn Davies-Deacon; 11. The role of literature in language standardization: the case of Italy Nicoletta Maraschio and Tina Matarrese; 12. Standardization, new speakers and the acceptance of (new) standards Michael Hornsby and Noel Ó Murchadha; 13. Creoles and variation Bettina Migge; Part III. Norms, Literacy and Education: 14. Language endangerment and standardization: perspectives from the fourth world Lynn Drapeau; 15. Indigenous languages, standardization, and curricular development: the case of the M¿ori language mathematics lexicon Tony Trinick and Stephen May; 16. Polynomic standards: the enactment of legitimate variation Alexandra Jaffe; 17. Standard languages and standardization in the context of bilingual education Robert Train and Claire Kramsch; 18. Setting standards for language learning and assessment in educational contexts: a multilingual perspective Antony John Kunnan and Nick Saville; Part IV. Beyond the National: Borders and Boundaries: 19. Transnational standards of languages: the rise and codification of national varieties Raymond Hickey; 20. Standardization across state boundaries: modern Ukrainian as a paradigmatic case Serhii Vakulenko; 21. Language modernization in the Chinese character cultural sphere: China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam Patrick Heinrich; 22. Linguistic norms, centre-periphery dynamics and the tension between uniformity and diversity in processes of standardization Josep Maria Nadal and Francesc Feliu; 23. When ethnic boundaries and language boundaries mismatch: standardization in Mayan languages in multilingual situations Sergio Romero; 24. The standardization of a stateless language Yaron Matras; Part V. Standardization in Late Modernity: Beyond Traditional Standardization: 25. Destandardization Tore Kristiansen; 26. Contemporary perspectives on language standardization: the role of digital and online technologies John Bellamy; 27. Standardization and new urban vernaculars Catherine Miller and Jacopo Falchetta; 28. Renegotiating language norms in minority contexts Noel Ó Murchadha; 29. Sign language standardization Ronice Müller de Quadros and Christian Rathmann.