Part I. Introduction: Thinking About the Rule of Law Jens Meierhenrich and Martin Loughlin; Part II. Histories: 1. Classical Athens' radical democratic 'rule of law' Adriaan Lanni; 2. Rechtsstaat versus the rule of law Jens Meierhenrich; 3. État de droit: the gallicization of the rechtsstaat Luc Heuschling; 4. Islamic conceptions of the rule of law Lawrence Rosen; 5. Empires and the rule of law Lauren Benton and Lisa Ford; Part III. Moralities: 6. The rule of law as an essentially contested concept Jeremy Waldron; 7. The rule of law in Montesquieu Sharon R. Krause; 8. The spirit of legality: A. V. Dicey and the rule of law Mark D. Walters; 9. Michael Oakeshott's republican theory of the rule of law Martin Loughlin; 10. The morality of the rule of law: Lon Fuller Kristen Rundle; 11. E. P. Thompson and the rule of law: qualifying the 'unqualified good' Douglas Hay; 12. Functions of the rule of law Brian Z. Tamanaha; 13. Modeling the rule of law Barry R. Weingast, Gillian K. Hadfield and Jens Meierhenrich; Part IV. Pathologies: 14. Thomas Hobbes and the rule-by-law tradition David Dyzenhaus; 15. Conservative critiques of the rule of law Peter C. Caldwell; 16. Judith Shklar's critique of legalism Seyla Benhabib and Paul Linden-Retek; 17. The Frankfurt school and the rule of law William E. Scheuerman; 18. Critical legal studies and the rule of law Mark Tushnet; 19. Feminist critiques of the rule of law Vanessa E. Munro; 20. Critical race theory and the rule of law Khiara M. Bridges; Part V. Trajectories: 21. Economic development and the rule of law Shane Chalmers and Sundhya Pahuja; 22. Democracy and the rule of law Martin Krygier; 23. Constitutionalism and the rule of law Roberto Gargarella; 24. Punishment in the rule of law Lindsay Farmer; 25. Populism and the rule of law Nicola Lacey; 26. An 'international rule-of-law movement'? Stephen Humphreys; 27. Measuring the rule of law Tom Ginsburg and Mila Versteeg; 28. Post-conflict rule of law Jane E. Stromseth; 29. A global rule of law Anne Orford; Part VI. Conclusion: 30. What the rule of law is... and is not Jens Meierhenrich.