Part I. The Roman Empire: 1. Reversals of fortune: an overview of the age of Attila Michael Maas; 2. Government and mechanisms of control, east and west Geoffrey Greatrex; 3. Urban and rural economies in the age of Attila Peter Sarris; 4. Mediterranean cities in the fifth century: elites, Christianizing, and the barbarian influx Kenneth G. Holum; 5. Big cities and the dynamics of the Mediterranean during the fifth century Raymond Van Dam; 6. Dynasty and aristocracy in the fifth century Brian Croke; 7. Military developments in the fifth century Hugh Elton; 8. Law and legal culture in the age of Attila Caroline Humfress; 9. Romanness in the age of Attila Jonathan P. Conant; Part II. Attila and the World around Rome: 10. The steppe world and the rise of the Huns Étienne de la Vaissière; 11. Neither conquest nor settlement: Attila's empire and its impact Christopher Kelly; 12. The Huns and barbarian Europe Peter Heather; 13. Captivity among the barbarians and its impact on the fate of the Roman Empire Noel Lenski; 14. Migrations, ethnic groups, and state building Walter Pohl; 15. Kingdoms of North Africa Andy Merrills; 16. The reinvention of Iran: the Sasanian Empire and the Huns Richard Payne; Part III. Religious and Cultural Transformation: 17. Ascetics and monastics in the early fifth century Susanna Elm; 18. Religious doctrine and ecclesiastical change in the time of Leo the Great Susan Wessel; 19. Christian sermons against pagans: the evidence from Augustine's sermons on the new year and on the sack of Rome in 410 Michele Renee Salzman; 20. Mediterranean Jews in a Christianizing empire Joseph E. Sanzo and Ra'anan Boustan; 21. Ordering intellectual life Edward Watts; 22. Real and imagined geography Scott Fitzgerald Johnson.