List of contributors; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Chronology; Introduction: reading science fiction Farah Mendlesohn; Part I. The History: 1. Science fiction before the genre Brian Stableford; 2. The magazine era: 1926-1960 Brian Attebery; 3. New wave and backwash: 1960-1980 Damien Broderick; 4. Science fiction from 1980 to the present John Clute; 5. Film and television Mark Bould; 6. Science fiction and its editors Gary K. Wolfe; Part II. Critical Approaches: 7. Marxist theory and science fiction Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr; 8. Feminist theory and science fiction Veronica Hollinger; 9. Postmodernism and science fiction Andrew M. Butler; 10. Science fiction and queer theory Wendy Pearson; Part III. Sub-Genres and Themes: 11. The icons of science fiction Gwyneth Jones; 12. Science fiction and the life sciences Joan Slonczewski and Michael Levy; 13. Hard science fiction Kathryn Cramer; 14. Space opera Gary Westfahl; 15. Alternate history Andy Duncan; 16. Utopias and anti-utopias Edward James; 17. Politics and science fiction Ken MacLeod; 18. Gender in science fiction Helen Merrick; 19. Race and ethnicity in science fiction Elisabeth Anne Leonard; 20. Religion and science fiction Farah Mendlesohn; Further reading; Index.