SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING THE TMJAND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACTGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

4 Embryology and Fetal Development of the Face and Neck Roya Sohaey, MD

14 TMJ Embryology Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD

16 Upper Respiratory Tract Embryology Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD

20 TMJ Effect on Facial Growth Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

30 TMJ Effect on Upper Airway Morphology Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

36 TMJ, Upper Airway, and Cervical Spine Mariano Rocabado, PT, DPT, CCTT and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

FUNCTION AND BIOMECHANICS

40 Occlusion and Orthopedic Stability Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, Domingo Martín, MD, DDS, and Guillermo Ochoa, BDS

48 TMJ and the Atlantooccipital Joint Mariano Rocabado, PT, DPT, CCTT, Jay H. Levy, DDS, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

56 The Concept of Tensegrity Jay H. Levy, DDS

60 Condylar Motions Related to Jaw Function Luigi M. Gallo, MEng, PhD

66 4D Mandibular Movements Domingo Martín, MD, DDS and Alberto Canabez, MD

72 TMJ Biomechanics and Structure of the Mandibular Condyle Le W. Huwe, BS, Derek D. Cissell, VMD, PhD, DACVR, and Jerry Hu, PhD

76 Structure and Function of the TMJ Disc and Disc Attachments Le W. Huwe, BS and Jerry Hu, PhD

80 Modeling and Remodeling of TMJ and Mandible David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

92 Biodynamics of Upper Respiratory Tract Steve Carstensen, DDS

SECTION 2: ANATOMY TMJ

98 TMJ Osseous Components Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

110 TMJ Disc/Fibrocartilage Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

116 TMJ Capsule and Ligaments Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

120 TMJ Histology and Synovial Fluid Composition Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

124 TMJ Innervation Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD

126 TMJ Vasculature Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

MUSCLES

130 Muscles of Mastication Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD

132 Muscles of Facial Expression Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

138 Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR

152 Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck [...] Harnsberger, MD, Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD

164 Tongue [...] Harnsberger, MD, Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD

168 Posterior Cervical Muscles Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

JAWS

172 Mandible Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

178 Maxilla Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

184 Teeth Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

TEMPORAL BONE

190 Temporal Bone H. Ric Harnsberger, MD

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

206 Nasopharynx and Oropharynx [...] Harnsberger, MD and Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)

212 Hypopharynx Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR

222 Sinonasal Overview Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR

232 Ostiomeatal Unit Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR

236 Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR

SKULL BASE

246 Skull Base Overview [...] Harnsberger, MD

252 Anterior Skull Base [...] Harnsberger, MD

258 Central Skull Base [...] Harnsberger, MD

264 Posterior Skull Base [...] Harnsberger, MD

CRANIAL NERVES RELATED TO TMJ

274 Cranial Nerves Overview [...] Harnsberger, MD

286 Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) [...] Harnsberger, MD

298 Facial Nerve (CNVII) [...] Harnsberger, MD

306 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX) [...] Harnsberger, MD

312 Vagus Nerve (CNX) [...] Harnsberger, MD

318 Accessory Nerve (CNXI) [...] Harnsberger, MD

322 Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII) [...] Harnsberger, MD

CERVICAL SPINE AND OTHERS

328 Cervical Spine Jeffrey S. Ross, MD

346 Craniocervical Junction [...] Harnsberger, MD

356 Styloid Process and Stylohyoid Ligament Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)

360 Hyoid Bone Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD

SECTION 3: MODALITIES USED FOR TMJ IMAGING AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IMAGING INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

368 Imaging Decision Making Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

370 Formulating the TMJ/Upper Airway Report Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

HARD TISSUE IMAGING

374 Plain Film Imaging of the TMJ Richard W. Katzberg, MD, Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

380 Plain Film Imaging of the Upper Respiratory Tract Noura Al-Sufyani, PhD, FRCD (C)

382 Arthrography Richard W. Katzberg, MD

384 Introduction to CBCT Imaging Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS and Asma'a Abdurrahman Al-Ekrish, BDS, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci.

392 CBCT Analysis of TMJ Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

398 CBCT Analysis of Upper Respiratory Tract Noura Al-Sufyani, PhD, FRCD (C)

402 Radiation Dose in CBCT Asma'a Abdurrahman Al-Ekrish, BDS, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. and Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS

406 Introduction to MDCT Imaging Asma'a Abdurrahman Al-Ekrish, BDS, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

412 MCDT Image Acquisition and Processing for TMJ and Airway Analysis Asma'a Abdurrahman Al-Ekrish, BDS, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci.

SOFT TISSUE IMAGING

420 Introduction to MR Imaging Derek D. Cissell, VMD, PhD, DACVR

428 Quantitative MR of Cartilage and Implications for TMJ Imaging Derek D. Cissell, VMD, PhD, DACVR

432 Introduction to USG Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD

436 Ultrasound of the TMJ Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD

440 Dynamic MR of the TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD

444 Arthroscopy Reem H. Hossameldin, BDS, MSc, PhD and Joseph P. McCain, DMD

SECTION 4: TMJ DIAGNOSES

CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TMD

452 Functional Disorders of Muscles Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

458 Intracapsular Disorders of TMJ Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

466 Correlation of Clinical Symptoms to Radiographic Findings Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

CONGENITAL CONDITIONS 478 Craniofacial Malformations and Syndromes Affecting the TMJ Caroline D. Robson, MBChB and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

490 Hemifacial Microsomia David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

DEVELOPMENTAL CONDITIONS

494 Condylar Hypoplasia David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)

498 Condylar Hyperplasia David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS

504 Coronoid Hyperplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

508 Hemimandibular Elongation David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

512 Mandibular Salivary Gland Defect (Stafne) Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS

514 Foramen Tympanicum [...] Harnsberger, MD

TRAUMA

516 TMJ Fracture, Adult and Neonatal David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)

522 TMJ Dislocation [...] Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)

524 Bifid Condyle [...] Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)

528 Osteochondritis Dissecans David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

530 Rheumatoid Arthritis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

536 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Lubdha M. Shah, MD and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

542 Septic Arthritis Husniye Demiturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

546 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

548 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS

552 Degenerative Joint Disease David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

556 Progressive Condylar Resorption David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

562 Synovial Cyst David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

564 TMJ Ganglion Cyst Husniye Demiturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

DISC DERANGEMENT CONDITIONS 568 MR Analysis of Normal TMJ Disc Richard W. Katzberg, MD, Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

572 Fine Structural Details of Disc and Posterior Attachment Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

576 Overview of Disc Displacements Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS

582 Disc Displacement With Reduction Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS

588 Disc Displacement Without Reduction Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS

594 Joint Fluid and Marrow Alterations Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS

600 Ultrasound Diagnosis of Internal Derangement Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD

604 Adhesions David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

ACQUIRED CONDITIONS

606 Dual Bite David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc

612 Fulcrum Formation Alberto Canabez, MD

616 Fibrous Ankylosis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS

618 Bony Ankylosis [...] Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)

620 Osteoradionecrosis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc

TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS

624 Primary Synovial Chondromatosis [...] Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc