Stella J. Chapman is a veterinarian with a keen interest in animal welfare and behaviour, and the role that the veterinarian has to play in animal husbandry. Stella has lectured at the Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Australia and the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, UK.

Contributors xv Acknowledgement xvii 1 Biosecurity and Personal Equipment for Safe Handling and Restraint of Animals 1Stella J. Chapman 1.1 Transmission of Disease 1 1.1.1 Zoonoses 1 1.1.2 Carriers 3 1.2 Infection Control 3 1.2.1 Biosecurity 3 1.2.2 Effective Cleaning and Disinfection 3 1.3 Assessing the Risk 4 1.3.1 Standard Operating Procedures 5 1.4 Personal Hygiene 5 1.4.1 Handwashing 6 1.4.2 Signs 7 1.5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 7 1.5.1 General Points 8 1.5.2 Working with Horses 9 Key Points 10 Self-assessment Questions 10 References 11 Further Reading 11 2 Welfare Considerations for the Handling and Restraint of Animals 13Stella J. Chapman 2.1 The Human-Animal Bond: Domestication as a Consideration of Welfare 13 2.2 Welfare Considerations 14 2.2.1 The Five Needs/Freedoms and Reference to Animal Handling and Restraint 14 2.3 Types of Restraints and Implications for Welfare 15 2.3.1 Dogs 16 2.3.2 Horses 16 2.4 Stress and Implications for Handling and Restraint 17 2.4.1 Fear 17 2.4.2 Novel Events 17 2.4.3 Previous Experience 17 2.4.4 Selection for Behavioural Traits 18 2.4.5 The Importance of Training to Improve Handling and Animal Welfare 18 Key Points 18 Self-assessment Questions 19 References 19 3 Handling and Restraint of Dogs 21Susan M. Phillips and Stella J. Chapman 3.1 Canine Behaviour 22 3.1.1 Genetic Influences on Behaviour (Nature) 22 3.1.2 Environmental Influences on Behaviour (Nurture) 23 3.1.3 Canine Communication 24 3.1.4 Canine Aggression 25 3.2 Handling and Restraint of Dogs 25 3.2.1 Approaching a Dog 28 3.2.2 Kennelling a Dog 29 3.2.3 Moving Around the Premises 29 3.2.4 Physical Restraint 29 3.2.5 Lifting 34 3.3 Ancillary Equipment 38 3.3.1 Collar and Lead 38 3.3.2 Slip Lead 38 3.3.3 Harness 40 3.3.4 Halters 40 3.3.5 Muzzles 40 3.3.6 Catchers 41 3.3.7 Stretchers, Trolleys and Blankets 42 3.4 Training for Restraint 42 3.5 Special Considerations 43 3.5.1 Handling and Restraint of Puppies 43 3.5.2 The Geriatric Dog 43 3.5.3 Dealing with an Uncooperative or Aggressive Dog 44 Key Points 44 Self-assessment Questions 44 References 45 Further Reading 46 4 Handling and Restraint of Cats 47Susan M. Phillips and Stella J. Chapman 4.1 Feline Behaviour 48 4.1.1 Social Structure 48 4.1.2 Communication 48 4.1.3 Visual Communication 48 4.1.4 Olfactory Communication 51 4.1.5 Behaviour Responses 52 4.1.6 How this can Affect Handling 52 4.2 Handling and Restraint of Cats 52 4.2.1 Moving around the Premises 53 4.2.2 Removing Cats from Carriers and Cages 53 4.2.3 Placing Cats in Carriers and Cages 54 4.3 Physical Restraint 54 4.3.1 Lifting and Carrying Cats 54 4.3.2 Restraint in Standing Position 55 4.3.3 Restraint in Sitting Position 55 4.3.4 Restraint in Sternal Recumbency 56 4.3.5 Restraint in Lateral Recumbency 57 4.3.6 Restraint for Examination of the Head 57 4.3.7 Scruffing 57 4.4 Ancillary Equipment 57 4.4.1 Towels 58 4.4.2 Muzzles 59 4.4.3 Gloves and Gauntlets 59 4.4.4 Cat Bags 59 4.4.5 Nets 60 4.4.6 Cat Grabber/Snare 61 4.4.7 Crush Cages 61 4.5 Training for Restraint 61 4.6 Special Considerations 62 4.6.1 Handling and Restraint of Kittens: Socialization 62 4.6.2 Behavioural Changes Associated with Ageing 62 4.6.3 Dealing with an Aggressive of Uncooperative Cat 62 Key Points 63 Self-assessment Questions 64 References 64 Further Reading 65 5 Handling and Restraint of Rabbits 67Bridget Roberts and Stella J. Chapman 5.1 Behaviour of Rabbits 68 5.1.1 Communication 68 5.2 Handling and Restraint of Rabbits 68 5.2.1 Basics 69 5.2.2 Approach and Capture of a Rabbit 69 5.2.3 Lifting a Rabbit into a Basket 71 5.2.4 Restraint of a Rabbit on a Table 73 5.2.5 Restraint for Sexing or Examination of the Abdomen 75 5.2.6 Restraint for Aggressive Rabbits 76 5.2.7 Alternative Restraint Methods for Rabbits 77 5.2.8 Towel Wrap or 'Bunny Burrito' 77 5.2.9 Tonic Immobilization 78 5.3 Aggression 79 5.3.1 Aggression as a Normal Behaviour 80 5.3.2 Aggression as an Abnormal Behaviour 81 5.3.3 Preventing and Minimizing Aggressive Behaviour 81 Key Points 82 Self-assessment Questions 82 References 82 Further Reading 83 6 Handling and Restraint of Rodents 85Bridget Roberts and Stella J. Chapman 6.1 General Species Information 85 6.1.1 Guinea Pigs 85 6.1.2 Rats 86 6.1.3 Mice 86 6.1.4 Hamsters 86 6.1.5 Gerbils 87 6.2 Behaviour of Rodents 87 6.2.1 Anatomical Considerations 87 6.2.2 Social Behaviour 87 6.2.3 Communication 88 6.3 Handling and Restraint of Small Rodents 88 6.3.1 General Guidelines 88 6.3.2 Points to Consider 90 6.3.3 Mice 90 6.3.4 Hamsters and Gerbils 90 6.4 Handling and Restraint of Rats 94 6.4.1 Approach 94 6.4.2 Capture 94 6.4.3 General Table Restraint 94 6.4.4 Restraint for Sexing or Examination of the Abdomen 95 6.4.5 Additional Methods of Restraint 96 6.4.6 Aggression 97 6.5 Handling and Restraint of Guinea Pigs 98 6.5.1 Approach 98 6.5.2 Capture 99 6.5.3 General Table Restraint 100 6.5.4 Restraint for Sexing or Examination of the Abdomen 102 6.5.5 Carrying a Guinea Pig 102 6.5.6 Aggression in Guinea Pigs 102 Key Points 103 Self-assessment Questions 104 References 104 Further Reading 105 7 Handling and Restraint of Ferrets 107Bridget Roberts and Stella J. Chapman 7.1 Behaviour of Ferrets 107 7.1.1 Communication 108 7.2 Handling and Restraint of Ferrets 108 7.2.1 General points 108 7.2.2 Approach 108 7.2.3 Capture 109 7.2.4 General Table Restraint 110 7.2.5 Restraint for Sexing and Examination of the Abdomen 110 7.2.6 Restraint of Aggressive Ferrets 110 7.2.7 Use of Harnesses 110 Key Points 111 Self-assessment Questions 112 References 112 Further Reading 113 8 Handling and Restraint of Horses and Donkeys 115Stella J. Chapman and Krista M. McLennan 8.1 Equine Behaviour 116 8.1.1 Temperament 116 8.1.2 Communication 117 8.1.3 Key Differences Between Horses and Donkeys 119 8.1.3.1 In General 119 8.1.3.2 How Donkey Behaviour Can Affect Handling 119 8.1.3.3 How to Use Behavioural Traits to Effect when Handling Donkeys 120 8.2 How to Approach a Horse/Donkey 120 8.3 How to Put on a Head Collar and Lead in Hand 121 8.3.1 How to Put a Head Collar on a Horse in the Stable 121 8.3.2 How to Put a Head Collar on a Donkey in the Field 124 8.3.3 Quick Release Knot 124 8.3.4 How to Lead in Hand 127 8.4 Physical Restraint 130 8.5 Methods and Equipment 130 8.5.1 Head Collar 130 8.5.2 Bridle 131 8.5.3 Chiffney Bit 131 8.5.4 Twitch 131 8.5.5 Stocks 134 8.5.6 Tail Restraint 135 8.5.7 Physical Restraint of Donkeys 137 8.6 Training for Restraint 139 8.6.1 Training Donkeys for Restraint 141 8.7 Handling and Restraint of Foals 144 8.7.1 Development of Behaviour 144 8.7.2 Restraint of Foals 146 8.8 Handling and Restraint of Stallions 149 Key Points 149 Self-assessment Questions 149 References 150 Further Reading 151 9 Handling and Restraint of Cattle 153Krista M. McLennan and Stella J. Chapman 9.1 Behaviour 153 9.1.1 Dairy and Beef Cattle 153 9.2 How to Use Behavioural Traits to Good Effect When Handling 154 9.2.1 Cattle as a Prey Animal 154 9.2.2 Flight Zone and Point of Balance 155 9.2.3 Cattle as a Social Species 156 9.2.4 Previous Experience 156 9.2.5 Cattle Signals to Look For 157 9.3 How to Approach and Move Cattle 157 9.3.1 Approaching and Moving a Group of Cattle 158 9.3.2 Approaching and Moving the Individual 158 9.3.3 Moving a Calf 160 9.4 Handling Facilities 160 9.4.1 Special Note: Bulls and Calves; Use of Dogs and Vehicles 163 9.5 How to Restrain Cattle 166 9.5.1 Physical Restraint 166 9.5.2 Roping or Casting 173 9.6 Training for Restraint 176 9.7 Special Considerations 176 Key Points 177 Self-assessment Questions 177 References 177 Further Reading 178 10 Handling and Restraint of Small Ruminants 179Krista M. McLennan and Stella J. Chapman 10.1 Behaviour 180 10.1.1 How to Use Behavioural Traits to Effect when Handling 181 10.1.1.1 The Flocking Instinct 181 10.1.1.2 Follow the Leader 181 10.2 How to Approach and Move Sheep 182 10.2.1 Methods and Equipment 182 10.2.2 Approaching and Moving a Group of Sheep 182 10.2.3 Approaching and Moving an Individual Sheep 184 10.2.4 Handling Facilities 186 10.2.5 Special Note: Rams, Lambs and Pregnant Ewes; Use of Dogs/Vehicles 189 10.3 How to Approach and Move Goats 191 10.3.1 Methods and Equipment 191 10.3.2 Moving a Group 191 10.3.3 Moving an Individual 191 10.3.4 Handling Facilities 191 10.3.5 Special Note: Kids, Pregnant Does and Bucks 192 10.4 How to Restrain a Sheep 193 10.4.1 Methods and Equipment 193 10.4.2 Physical Restraint 193 10.4.3 Training for Restraint 198 10.5 How to Restrain Goats 200 10.5.1 Methods and Equipment 200 10.5.2 Physical Restraint 200 10.5.3 Training for Restraint 204 10.6 Special Considerations 204 Key Points 204 Self-assessment Questions 205 References 205 Further Reading 206 11 Handling and Restraint of Pigs 207Krista M. McLennan and Stella J. Chapman 11.1 Behaviour 207 11.1.1 How this Can Affect Handling 208 11.1.2 How to Use Behavioural Traits to Effect When Handling 208 11.2 How to Approach and Move Pigs 211 11.2.1 General Methods and Equipment 211 11.2.2 Moving a Group of Pigs 213 11.2.3 Moving the Individual 215 11.2.4 Sows, Boars, Finishers and Piglets 216 11.3 How to Restrain Pigs 217 11.3.1 Methods and Equipment 217 11.3.2 Physical Restraint 218 11.3.3 Training for Restraint 220 11.4 Special Considerations 221 Key Points 221 Self-assessment Questions 221 References 221 Further Reading 222 12 Handling and Restraint of South American Camelids 223Krista M. McLennan and Stella J. Chapman 12.1 Behaviour 224 12.1.1 Alpacas and Llama 225 12.2 How to Use Behavioural Traits to Effect When Handling 225 12.2.1 Handling Facilities 227 12.3 How to Approach and Halter a Camelid 228 12.3.1 Approaching Adult Camelids 228 12.3.2 Approaching Cria 229 12.3.3 How to Put on a Head Collar/Halter 229 12.3.4 How to Lead a Camelid 230 12.4 How to Restrain a Camelid 231 12.4.1 Methods and Equipment 231 12.4.2 Physical Restraint 232 12.4.3 Training Adult Camelids for Restraint 234 12.5 Training Cria 235 12.6 Special Considerations 235 Key Points 236 Self-assessment...