A Note on Spelling
Glossary

Introduction

1. Early Coexistence

Rus’ and the Steppe Peoples
Turko-Mongol-Iranian Central Asia
Early Diplomatic and Trade Relations
Summary and Notes

2. The Balance of Power Shifts

Internal Fragmentation, External Threats
Nomadic Cultures: Kazakhs, Turkmen, Kyrgyz
Beginnings of Russian Rule
Summary and Notes

3. Conquest

Settled Cultures: Uzbeks and Tajiks
Russia Engulfs the Kazakhs
Change in the Air
Military Conquest
Summary and Notes

4. Imperial Rule

Governance
Economic Development
Education
Social Dynamics
Summary and Notes

5. Revolutions

The Revolution of 1905 and its Effects
The Great War and the Great Unraveling
Marxism, Bolshevism, and Empire
Central Asia Shattered
Summary and Notes

6. Founding Soviet Central Asia

Authority and Credibility
The Creation of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan
Building the Tools of Modernization
Summary and Notes

7. Breaking and Building: The Stalin Era

The Great Break
Collectivization and the Kazakh Tragedy
Contradictions of Stalinist Modernization
World War II and After
Summary and Notes

8. Stability and Growth

Changing Relations between Moscow and the Republics
Cotton Monoculture, Cotton Monomania
The Hungry Steppe
Life on the Cotton Collectives
Mature Socialism
Summary and Notes

9. From Reform to Independence

Water, Cotton, and Nationalism
Restructuring / Unraveling
Now What?

Bibliography