James S. Pryke is an Associate Professor of Conservation Ecology and Entomology at Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and is the co-Editor in Chief for the Journal of Insect Conservation.

Michael J. Samways is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology at Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa, and Member of the Academy of Science of South Africa. Michael is the recipient of several major awards, including the John Herschel Medal of the Royal Society of South Africa.

Tim R. New is Emeritus Professor of Zoology at La Trobe University, Australia. He is a past Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Insect Conservation and former Regional Editor of Biological Conservation. Tim is the recipient of several major awards, including the Mackerras and Marks Medals of the Australian Entomological Society.

Pedro Cardoso is a Researcher at the Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Portugal. He works in conservation biology and biogeography of invertebrates, particularly from islands and caves. Also, he has a special interest in the development of new methods in statistics and computer science.

René Gaigher is a Researcher in the Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. She works primarily with terrestrial arthropods and focuses on ways to mitigate human impacts on arthropods in transformed landscapes.

SECTION I

Fundamentals of insect conservation

Chapter 1 The foundations of insect conservation

James S. Pryke, Tim R. New, Michael J. Samways, René Gaigher and Pedro Cardoso

Chapter 2 Philosophy on insect conservation

Michael J. Samways, Charl Deacon, Tim Lomas and John P. Simaika

Chapter 3 The conservation target: global insect biodiversity

Tim R. New and Peter H. Adler

Chapter 4 Insects as functional components of communities and ecosystems

Jorge Ari Noriega and Timothy D. Schowalter

Chapter 5 Conserving insects for the provision of ecosystem services

Klaus Birkhofer, Mmabaledi Buxton, Lanya Feng, Lavhelesani Simba and Tim Diekötter

Chapter 6 Global threats to insects

Pedro Cardoso, Caroline S. Fukushima, Eliza M. Grames, Mackenzie Kwak, Marija Mili¿i¿ and David Wagner

Chapter 7 Insect declines, an overview of current knowledge on the status of the world's insects

Lynn V. Dicks, Eliza Grames, Diana E. Bowler and Nick J.B. Isaac

Chapter 8 Pervasive and synergistic effects of climate change

Charlotte L. Outhwaite, Rob Cooke, Joseph Millard and Andrew J. Bladon

Chapter 9 Practical solutions to climate change for insect conservation

Andrew J. Bladon, Rob Cooke, Joseph Millard and Charlotte L. Outhwaite

SECTION II

Approaches to insect conservation

Chapter 10 Insect species conservation: planning for action

Monika Böhm, Axel Hochkirch and Vicky Wilkins

Chapter 11 Agroecological farming for insect conservation

René Gaigher, Johnnie van den Berg, Péter Batáry and Ingo Grass

Chapter 12 Protected areas and insect conservation

Simone Fattorini, Leonardo Dapporto and Paulo A.V. Borges

Chapter 13 Connecting landscapes for insect conservation

James S. Pryke and Julia van Schalkwyk

Chapter 14 Interaction networks, their limitations and applicability to insect conservation

Opeyemi A. Adedoja, Eduardo Soares Calixto, Benoît Geslin, Temitope Kehinde and Rachel E. Mallinger

Chapter 15 Ecological and habitat restoration for insect conservation

Elise Buisson, Manon C. M. Hess, Romane Blaya, Tania De Almeida, Natan Huberson, Emile Melloul, Clémentine Mutillod, Léo Rocher, Jean-François Alignan, Thierry Dutoit, Grégory Mahy and Olivier Blight

Chapter 16 Breeding and relocating insects for conservation

Paul Pearce-Kelly, Amanda Ferguson, Donald McFarlane, Kate Pearce, Tony Sainsbury, Erin Sullervin and Helen R. Taylor

Chapter 17 Conservation benefits and threats from insects-as-food

Åsa Berggren and Matthew Low

SECTION III

Biomes of the world: specific pressures and solutions

Chapter 18 Insect conservation in boreal and temperate forests

Rudi C. Swart, Tim R. New, D. Johan Kotze and Michael J. Samways

Chapter 19 Insect conservation in tropical forests

Fabio de Oliveira Roque, Bindiya Rashni, Danilo Bandini Ribeiro, Davidson Gomes Nogueira, Hilda Sakiti-Waqa, Laura Gisloti, Marciel Elio Rodrigues, Marildo da Silva Pedro, Perpetra Akite, Sundar Shunmuga Velayutham and Nigel E. Stork

Chapter 20 Insect conservation in savannas

Stefan Hendrik Foord, Colin S. Schoeman, Thinandavha Caswell Munyai and Alan N. Andersen

Chapter 21 Insect conservation in grasslands

Thomas Fartmann

Chapter 22 Insect conservation in Mediterranean-type shrublands

Francois Roets

SECTION IV

Ecosystems of the world: specific pressures and solutions

Chapter 23 Soil ecosystems for insect diversity conservation

Charlene Janion-Scheepers

Chapter 24 Conservation of subterranean insects

Stefano Mammola

Chapter 25 Insect conservation on islands

Justin Gerlach, Paulo Borges, Simone Fattorini, Nick Porch and Vicky Wilkins

Chapter 26 Mountain habitats for insect conservation

Tom R. Bishop and Mark P. Robertson

Chapter 27 Insect conservation in streams and rivers: conservation threats and solutions

John P. Simaika and Craig R. Macadam

Chapter 28 Aquatic macroinvertebrate conservation in lentic systems

Matthew J. Hill, Charl Deacon, Paul J. Wood, Mélanie Milin, Selam S. Gebreselassie and Christopher Gibbins

Chapter 29 Urban habitats for insect conservation

Thomas Merckx

Chapter 30 Insect conservation in agricultural landscapes

Christine Haaland, Jorge L. León-Cortés and James S. Pryke

SECTION V

Assessment and monitoring insects for conservation

Chapter 31 Assessment and surrogates for insect conservation

James S. Pryke, Michael J. Samways, Pedro Cardoso and Charl Deacon

Chapter 32 Monitoring and bioindication for insect conservation

Michael J. Samways, James S. Pryke and Charl Deacon

Chapter 33 Assessing the Red List Status and Green Status for insect species

Axel Hochkirch

Chapter 34 Citizen science for insect conservation

Jorge L. León-Cortés, Jason T. Bried and David B. Roy

Chapter 35 The role of taxonomy and museums in insect conservation

Simon van Noort

Chapter 36 Drones and satellite mapping for insect conservation

Tobias Landmann, Pamela Ochungo and Jan C. Habel

Chapter 37 Automated visual systems for insect monitoring and conservation

Jamie Alison and Toke Thomas Høye

Chapter 38 Metabarcoding and eDNA for insect conservation

Anandi Bierman and Melissa Lloyd

SECTION VI

Policy and education strategies for insect conservation

Chapter 39 Legal and illegal trade in insects

Caroline S. Fukushima

Chapter 40 Government Policies for Insects conservation legislation

Scott Hoffman Black, Sarah Hoyle, Aimee Code and Beth Lauss

Chapter 41 Insect conservation education and outreach

Rassim Khelifa, John Simaika, Shantanu Joshi, Sévérin Tchibozo, Federico Lozano, Jenilee Montes, Javier Muzon, Christine L. Goforth, Erin Kinal, Amanda Dillon, Tyler Kelly, Hayat Mahdjoub and Viola Clausnitzer

Chapter 42 Future perspectives for insect conservation

James S. Pryke, René Gaigher, Tim R. New, Michael J. Samways and Pedro Cardoso