List of plates; Editorial preface; List of abbreviations; Map; 1. Sunni theology Salvador Gómez Nogales; 2. Shi'i theological literature I. K. A. Howard; 3. Ibadi theological literature J. C. Wilkinson; 4. Quranic exegesis John Burton; 5. The prose literature of Sufism Caesar E. Farah; 6. Philosophical literature Muhsin Mahdi; 7. Arabic lexicography M. G. Carter; 8. Arabic grammar M. G. Carter; 9. Islamic legal literature P. W. Baker and I. D. Edge; 10. Administrative literature C. E. Bosworth; 11. Arabic biographical writing M. J. L. Young; 12. History and historians Claude Cahen; 13. Fatimid history and historians Abbas Hamdani; 14. Mathematics and applied science Donald R. Hill; 15. Astronomy David A. King; 16. Astrology David Pingree; 17. Geographical and navigational literature J. F. P. Hopkins; 18. The literature of Arabic alchemy Donald R. Hill; 19. Arabic medical literature Haskell D. Isaacs; 20. Al-Kindi Fritz W. Zimmerman; 21. Al-Razi Albert Z. Iskandar; 22. Al-Farabi Alfred L. Ivry; 23. Ibn Sina Salvador Gómez Nogales; 24. Al-Biruni and the sciences of his time George Saliba; 25. Al-Ghazali Adib Nayif Diyab; 26. Christian Arabic literature in the 'Abbasid period Samir Khalil Samir, SJ; 27. Judaeo-Arabic literature Paul B. Fenton; 28. The translation of Greek materials into Arabic L. E. Goodman; 29. Didactic verse Safa' Khulusi; Glossary; Bibliography; Index.