Foreword Karen Strier; Introduction Agustin Fuentes and Linda D. Wolfe; Part I. Science and Nonhuman Primates: 1. Anthropology and Primatology Phyllis Dolhinow; 2. Resistance to the cross-species perspective in anthropology Mary M. Pavelka; 3. The ethics and efficacy of biomedical research in Chimpanzees with special regard to HIV research Roger S. Fouts, Deborah H. Fouts and Gabriel S. Waters; Part II. Cultural Views of Nonhuman Primates: 4. Introduction to section Agustin Fuentes and Linda D. Wolfe; 5. Monkey as food, monkey as child: Guaja symbolic cannibalism Loretta A. Cormier; 6. Ethnoecology of monkeys among the Bari of Venezuela: perception, use and conservation Manuel Lizzaralde; 7. Primates in Matsigenka subsistence and world view Glenn Shepard; 8. Monkey King in China: basis for a conservation policy Frances Burton; 9. Local population, conservation efforts and the mountain gorillas of Rwanda Pascale Sicotte and Prosper Uwengeri; Part III. Conservation of Nonhuman Primates: 10. Introduction to section Agustin Fuentes and Linda Wolfe; 11. Monkeys, humans and politics in the Mentawai Islands: no simple solutions in a complex world Augustin Fuentes; 12. Conservation must pursue a human-nature biosynergy in the era of social chaos and bushmeat commerce Anthony L. Rose; 13. A cultural primatological study of Macaca fascicularis on Ngeaur Island, Republic of Palau Bruce Wheatley, Rebecca Stephenson, Hiro Kurashina and Kelly Kautz; 14. Monkeys in the back yard: encroaching wildlife and rural communities in Japan David Sprague; Part IV. Local Economics: Goverment Actions and Nonhuman Primates: 15. Introduction to section Agustin Fuentes and Linda Wolfe; 16. The primatologist as minority advocate Ardith Eudey; 17. Monkey Business? The conservation implications of macaque ethnoprimatology in southern Thailand Lesley E. Sponsel, Nukul Ruttanadakul and Poranee Natadecha-Sponsel; 18. Rhesus macaques: a comparative study of two sites, Jaipur, India and Silver Springs, Florida Linda Wolfe.