Dan Ginsburg is founder of Upsample Software, LLC, a software consultancy specializing in 3D graphics and GPU computing. In previous roles he has worked on developing OpenGL drivers, desktop and handheld 3D demos, GPU developer tools, 3D medical visualization and games. He coauthored the OpenCL Programming Guide (Addison-Wesley, 2012).

Budi Purnomo is a senior software architect at Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. where he collaborates with many AMD architects to develop software infrastructure across multiple software stacks and to define future hardware architectures for debugging and profiling GPU applications.

Dave Shreiner is one of the World’s foremost authorities on OpenGL. He is the series editor for the Addison-Wesley OpenGL Series.

Aatab Munshi is the spec editor for the OpenGL ES 1.1 and 2.0 specifications.

List of Figures xvii

List of Examples xxi

List of Tables xxv

Foreword xxix

Preface xxxi

Intended Audience xxxi

Organization of This Book xxxii

Example Code and Shaders xxxvi

Errata xxxvi

Acknowledgments xxxvii

About the Authors xxxix

Chapter 1: Introduction to OpenGL ES 3.0 1

OpenGL ES 3.0 3

What’s New in OpenGL ES 3.0 11

OpenGL ES 3.0 and Backward Compatibility 17

EGL 19

EGL Command Syntax 20

OpenGL ES Command Syntax 21

Error Handling 22

Basic State Management 23

Further Reading 25

Chapter 2: Hello Triangle: An OpenGL ES 3.0 Example 27

Code Framework 28

Where to Download the Examples 28

Hello Triangle Example 29

Using the OpenGL ES 3.0 Framework 34

Creating a Simple Vertex and Fragment Shader 35

Compiling and Loading the Shaders 36

Creating a Program Object and Linking the Shaders 38

Setting the Viewport and Clearing the Color Buffer 39

Loading the Geometry and Drawing a Primitive 40

Displaying the Back Buffer 41

Summary 42

Chapter 3: An Introduction to EGL 43

Communicating with the Windowing System 44

Checking for Errors 45

Initializing EGL 46

Determining the Available Surface Configurations 46

Querying EGLConfig Attributes 48

Letting EGL Choose the Configuration 51

Creating an On-Screen Rendering Area: The EGL Window 53

Creating an Off-Screen Rendering Area: EGL Pbuffers 56

Creating a Rendering Context 60

Making an EGLContext Current 62

Putting All Our EGL Knowledge Together 63

Synchronizing Rendering 66

Summary 67

Chapter 4: Shaders and Programs 69

Shaders and Programs 69

Uniforms and Attributes 80

Shader Compiler 93

Program Binaries 94

Summary 95

Chapter 5: OpenGL ES Shading Language 97

OpenGL ES Shading Language Basics 98

Shader Version Specification 98

Variables and Variable Types 99

Variable Constructors 100

Vector and Matrix Components 101

Constants 102

Structures 103

Arrays 104

Operators 104

Functions 106

Built-In Functions 107

Control Flow Statements 107

Uniforms 108

Uniform Blocks 109

Vertex and Fragment Shader Inputs/Outputs 111

Interpolation Qualifiers 114

Preprocessor and Directives 115

Uniform and Interpolator Packing 117

Precision Qualifiers 119

Invariance 121

Summary 123

Chapter 6: Vertex Attributes, Vertex Arrays, and Buffer Objects 125

Specifying Vertex Attribute Data 126

Declaring Vertex Attribute Variables in a Vertex Shader 135

Vertex Buffer Objects 140

Vertex Array Objects 150

Mapping Buffer Objects 154

Copying Buffer Objects 159

Summary 160

Chapter 7: Primitive Assembly and Rasterization 161

Primitives 161

Drawing Primitives 165

Primitive Assembly 174

Rasterization 179

Occlusion Queries 183

Summary 185

Chapter 8: Vertex Shaders 187

Vertex Shader Overview 188

Vertex Shader Examples 196

Generating Texture Coordinates 205

Vertex Skinning 207

Transform Feedback 211

Vertex Textures 214

OpenGL ES 1.1 Vertex Pipeline as an ES 3.0 Vertex Shader 215

Summary 223

Chapter 9: Texturing 225

Texturing Basics 226

Compressed Textures 262

Texture Subimage Specification 266

Copying Texture Data from the Color Buffer 269

Sampler Objects 273

Immutable Textures 276

Pixel Unpack Buffer Objects 277

Summary 278

Chapter 10: Fragment Shaders 279

Fixed-Function Fragment Shaders 280

Fragment Shader Overview 282

Implementing Fixed-Function Techniques Using Shaders 286

Summary 295

Chapter 11: Fragment Operations 297

Buffers 298

Fragment Tests and Operations 303

Blending 311

Dithering 314

Multisampled Anti-Aliasing 314

Reading and Writing Pixels to the Framebuffer 316

Multiple Render Targets 320

Summary 324

Chapter12: Framebuffer Objects 325

Why Framebuffer Objects? 325

Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects 327

Creating Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects 329

Using Renderbuffer Objects 330

Using Framebuffer Objects 335

Framebuffer Blits 342

Framebuffer Invalidation 344

Deleting Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects 346

Examples 348

Performance Tips and Tricks 354

Summary 355

Chapter 13: Sync Objects and Fences 357

Flush and Finish 357

Why Use a Sync Object? 358

Creating and Deleting a Sync Object 358

Waiting for and Signaling a Sync Object 359

Example 360

Summary 361

Chapter 14: Advanced Programming with OpenGL ES 3.0 363

Per-Fragment Lighting 363

Environment Mapping 370

Particle System Using Transform Feedback 380

Image Postprocessing 387

Projective Texturing 390

Noise Using a 3D Texture 397

Procedural Texturing 404

Rendering Terrain with Vertex Texture Fetch 410

Shadows Using a Depth Texture 414

Summary 420

Chapter 15: State Queries 421

OpenGL ES 3.0 Implementation String Queries 421

Querying Implementation-Dependent Limits 423

Querying OpenGL ES State 429

Hints 435

Entity Name Queries 436

Nonprogrammable Operations Control and Queries 436

Shader and Program State Queries 438

Vertex Attribute Queries 440

Texture State Queries 441

Sampler Queries 442

Asynchronous Object Queries 442

Sync Object Queries 443

Vertex Buffer Queries 444

Renderbuffer and Framebuffer State Queries 445

Summary 446

Chapter 16: OpenGL ES Platforms 447

Building for Microsoft Windows with Visual Studio 447

Building for Ubuntu Linux 449

Building for Android 4.3+ NDK (C++) 450

Building for Android 4.3+ SDK (Java) 452

Building for iOS 7 453

Summary 455

Appendix A: GL_HALF_FLOAT 457

16-Bit Floating-Point Number 458

Converting a Float to a Half-Float 459

Appendix B: Built-In Functions 463

Angle and Trigonometry Functions 465

Exponential Functions 466

Common Functions 467

Floating-Point Pack and Unpack Functions 471

Geometric Functions 472

Matrix Functions 474

Vector Relational Functions 475

Texture Lookup Functions 476

Fragment Processing Functions 483

Appendix C: ES Framework API 485

Framework Core Functions 485

Transformation Functions 490

Index 495