List of maps; List of tables; List of graphs; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Part I. Before the Commercial Revolution: 1. Roman-Barbarian discontinuity; 2. The appearance of the denier and the revival of trade; 3. 'Feudal' deniers and 'Viking' dirhams; 4. Saxon silver and the expansion of minting; Part II. The Commercial Revolution of the Thirteenth Century: 5. New silver c.1160-c.1330; 6. The balance of payments and the movement of silver; [...]opean silver and African gold; 8. New mints; 9. Ingots of silver; 10. New money; 11. The place of money in the commercial revolution of the thirteenth century; Part III. The Late Middle Ages: 12. The victory of gold; 13. The scourge of debasement; 14. The money of Europe around 1400; 15. The bullion-famines of the Late Middle Ages; 16. Money on the eve of the price revolution; Conclusion; Appendices; Coin index; General index.