Have you ever felt the urge to run and hide before a big presentation or enjoyed the cosy feeling of contentment as you curl up in front of a fire? If you've ever had your wisdom teeth removed or felt pure terror at the sight of a spider in your bathroom, you have experienced a mismatch - a clash between our age-old biology and modern culture.

Our primitive brains evolved to meet Stone Age demands, so when faced with modern day situations that are less extreme, they often encounter a mismatch, putting us on the wrong foot by responding to stimuli that - in prehistoric times - would have prompted behaviour that was beneficial. The primeval mind has lost its way in a new world of anonymous cities, social inequality and stress at work.

Mismatch is about the dramatic contrast between the first few million years of human history - when humans lived as hunters and gatherers in small-scale societies - and the past twelve thousand years following the agricultural revolution which have led us to comfortable lives in a very different social structure. Has this rapid transition been good for us? How do we cope in a modern information society that radically changes every decade or so?

Award-winning and bestselling novelist Ronald Giphart and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Professor of Evolutionary, Work and Organizational Psychology Mark van Vugt (who is also a researcher at the University of Oxford) propose broad changes to politics and policy which could enable governments, institutions and businesses to create an environment better suited to human nature, while offering everyday advice on how to convert mismatches into matches. The better your life is matched to how your mind operates, the greater your chances of leading a happy, healthy and productive existence.