Preface
Timeline of Historical Events
The Ancient and Precolonial Period
Africa: An Overview
The Prehistoric Past: The Evolution of Homo Sapiens Sapiens, 40,000 B.C.
The Agricultural Revolution, 5000 B.C.+
The Civilization of Ancient Egypt, 3100 B.C.+
The Iron Age and the Spread of Bantu Speakers, 730 B.C.+
The Rise of Kush and Aksum, 730 B.C.+
The Greeks and Romans in North Africa, 332 B.C.+
Ethiopia: The Emergence of a Christian Kingdom, 1250 A.D.+
The Spread of Islam, 622 A.D. Onward
Kingdoms of West Africa: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay, A.D. 1000-1600
The Rise of the Swahili City-States of East Africa, Tenth-Fourteenth Century A.D.
The Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440-1870
The Organization of Societies, Fifteenth Century A.D. Onward
The Nineteenth-Century Period
The Outbreak of Islamic Jihad, 1804
Wars and Revolution Among the Yoruba, 1817-93
The Spread of Christianity, 1804 Onward
The Rise of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, 1811-47
The Mfecane: Shaka and the Zulu Kingdom, 1816-40
European Conquest and African Response, 1885-1900
The Twentieth-Century Period
The Colonial Experience, 1900-39
The Entrenchment of Apartheid in South Africa, 1948
Africa Drawn into the Second World War, 1940-45
The End of European Rule, 1951-90
Violence to Gain National Liberation, 1952-62
Confrontation with the Gains and Pains if Independence, 1958-70
The Formation of the Organization of African Unity, 1963
Coups, Counter Coups, and Military Regimes, 1963 Onward
Ufamaa and Policy Choices, 1967 Onward
The Creation of the Economic Community of West African States, 1975
Portuguese Colonies Attain Freedom, 1975
Cultural Revival and Cultural Inventory: The Second World Festival of African Arts and Culture, 1977
The Women's Decade, 1975-85
A Continent in Deep Crisis, 1980+
Environmental Challenges, 1980 Onward
African Refugees, 1980 Onward
Africa in World Politics in Transition, 1980s Onward
The Fall of Apartheid and the Advent of Nelson Mandela's Government, 1994-99
Index