List of figures and tables;

Notes on Contributors;

Preface;

Acknowledgements;

Part I: Blumenbach Studies

1. A Brief history of Blumenbach representation (Nicolaas Rupke and Gerhard Lauer)

2. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach-online (Gerhard Lauer, Wolfgang Böker and Heiko Weber);

Part II: Defining Human Races

3. Buffon, Blumenbach, Herder, Lichtenberg, and the origins of modern anthropology (Carl Niekerk)

4. Climate change and creolization in French natural history, 1750-1795. (Emma Spary).

5. Blumenbach's collection of human skulls (Wolfgang Böker)

6. Blumenbach's theory of human races and the natural unity of humankind (Thomas Junker)

7. A defence of human rights: Blumenbach on albinism (Renato Mazzolini);

Part III: Racism, anti-racism, and Eurocentricity

8. Blumenbach's race science in the light of Christian supersessionism (Terence Keel)

9. The beautiful skulls of Schiller and the Georgian girl: quantitative and aesthetic scaling of the races, 1750-1850 (Robert J. Richards)

10. Ethnographic exploration in the Blumenbachian tradition (Peter Hanns Reill)

11. The rise of paleontology and the historicization of nature: Blumenbach and Deluc (John H. Zammito)

12. The origins of scientific racism and Huxley's Rule (Nicolaas Rupke);

Appendix: Biographical sketch;

Index