Silvia Mazzali Verst, MD, PhD

Medical degree in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; a Clinical Neurophysiologist since 1994;

PhD in 2011 in the field of intraoperative monitoring (IOM) from the University of São Paulo Medical School;

Invited speaker at Neuro-oncology Post-Graduation Course at the Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa do Hospital Sirio Libanês since 2013;

IOM Fellowship Coordinator at Brain Spine Neurofisiologia since 2016;

Coordinator of the IOM Course at the Anesthesiology Post-Graduation Course at the University of São Paulo Medical School since 2019.

Maria Rufina Barros, MD

Medical degree in Neurology; a Clinical Neurophysiologist since 1998;

Director of the EMG Laboratory at the Instituto Neurológico do Espírito Santo since 1999;

Head of the Intraoperative Monitoring Department at the Vitoria Apart Hospital since 2010.

Marcos Maldaun, MD, PhD

Neurosurgery Post Graduation Coordinator of Sirio Libanês Hospital in São Paulo; President Founder of Society for Neuro-Oncology Latin America (SNOLA).

Some chapters are accompanied by videos of surgeries and IOM

Includes an online access to a language testing for awake surgery

The anatomy section covers the basics of modern white matter connections.

Part I. Overview.- 1. History of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Brazil: Reports from the pioneers and a glance in Latin America.- 2. Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Brazil: Regulatory Aspects, Training and Evidence Level.- 3. Muscle Motor Point Atlas and Needling Pitfalls.- 4. Safety and troubleshooting.- 5. Central Nervous System Anesthesia: asleep approach.- Part II. Neurophysiological Modalities Applied to IOM.- 6. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential.- 7. Evoked Potential - Visual Pathways Approach beyond Visual Evoked Potentials.- 8. Somatosensory Evoked Potentials.- 9. Motor Evoked Potential.- 10. Intraoperative Monitoring: Electroencephalogram.- 11. Electromyography.- 12. Brainstem Reflexes.- Part III. Brain Functions: Eloquent Areas.- 13. The Brain Surface.- 14. Motor and Somatosensory.- 15. Anesthesia: Awake Approach.- 16. Anatomy- Language Network and DTI.- 17. Awake Surgery: Performing an Awake Craniotomy.- Part IV. Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Function.- 18. Language and Cognitive Tests- A Target-Guided Protocol.- 19. Cranial Nerves Monitoring III to XII.- 20. Fourth Ventricle's Floor Mapping.- 21. Microvascular Decompression.- Part V. Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery.- 22. Spinal Deformity Surgery.- 23. Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgeries - LIFS.- 24. Cervical Spinal Surgery.- 25. Tethered Cord Syndrome.- 26. Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy and Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring.- 27. Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors.- Part VI. Vascular Surgery.- 28. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of cerebrovascular disorders.- 29. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring for thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic procedures.- Part VII. Pheripheral Nerve Surgery.- 30. Peripheral Nerve: Neurophysiology as A Tool to Optimize Topographic Accuracy and Surgical Planning.- Part VIII. Head and Neck Surgery.- 31. Monitoring in Facial, Neck and Ear Surgeries.- Part IX. Epilepsy Surgery.- 32. Intraoperative Monitoring in Epilepsy Surgery.- Part X. Movement Disorders Surgery.- 33. Neurophysiological Guidance for Movement Disorder Surgery.- Part XI. Special Topics.- 34. IOM in Pelvic Floor- Gynecological and Urological Surgeries.