Nancy Mather, PhD, is a professor emerita in the Department of Disability and Psychoeducational Studies at the University of Arizona. She specializes in the assessment and treatment of dyslexia. She is a co-author of the Tests of Dyslexia and the Woodcock-Johnson V.

Barbara J. Wendling, MA, is an author and consultant specializing in educational assessment and intervention with a focus on linking assessment to instruction. Barbara is a co-author of the Tests of Dyslexia and the Woodcock Interpretation and Instructional Interventions Program.

Series Preface ix

Acknowledgments xi

One Understanding Dyslexia 1

Two A Brief History of Dyslexia 13

Three The Brain and Dyslexia 29
Deborah Schneider, Fumiko Hoeft, Nancy Mather, Barbara J. Wendling, Sally Shaywitz*, and Bennett Shaywitz*

Four Genetics and the Environment 41
Deborah Schneider, Nancy Mather, and Barbara J. Wendling

Five Assessment of Cognitive and Linguistic Risk Factors 55

Six Assessment of Decoding, Encoding, and Reading Fluency 73

Seven Phonological Awareness and Early Reading and Spelling 93

Eight Orthography and Orthographic Mapping for Reading and Spelling 105
Nancy Redding, Nancy Mather, and Barbara J. Wendling

Nine Teaching the Orthographic System by Integrating Morphology, Etymology, and Phoneme- Grapheme Relationships 119
Sue Scibetta Hegland

Ten Instruction in Basic Reading Skills and Spelling 131

Eleven Instruction in Reading Fluency 157

Twelve Technology Applications for Students with Dyslexia 171
Kathleen Puckett

Thirteen Dyslexia in Different Languages and English Learners 183
Martha Youman and Emily Mather

Fourteen Dyslexia in the Schools 197

Appendix A Descriptions of Tests 213

Appendix B Descriptions of Evidence-Based Programs 279

Appendix C Mobile Apps and Websites to Support Reading and Writing Instruction 333
Elaine Cheesman

Glossary 337

References 345

Suggested Readings 373

About the Authors and Contributing Authors 377

Index 379