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Essential Algorithms
A Practical Approach to Computer Algorithms Using Python and C
Taschenbuch von Rod Stephens
Sprache: Englisch

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Beschreibung
A friendly introduction to the most useful algorithms written in simple, intuitive English

The revised and updated second edition of Essential Algorithms, offers an accessible introduction to computer algorithms. The book contains a description of important classical algorithms and explains when each is appropriate. The author shows how to analyze algorithms in order to understand their behavior and teaches techniques that the can be used to create new algorithms to meet future needs. The text includes useful algorithms such as: methods for manipulating common data structures, advanced data structures, network algorithms, and numerical algorithms. It also offers a variety of general problem-solving techniques.

In addition to describing algorithms and approaches, the author offers details on how to analyze the performance of algorithms. The book is filled with exercises that can be used to explore ways to modify the algorithms in order to apply them to new situations. This updated edition of Essential Algorithms:
* Contains explanations of algorithms in simple terms, rather than complicated math
* Steps through powerful algorithms that can be used to solve difficult programming problems
* Helps prepare for programming job interviews that typically include algorithmic questions
* Offers methods can be applied to any programming language
* Includes exercises and solutions useful to both professionals and students
* Provides code examples updated and written in Python and C#

Essential Algorithms has been updated and revised and offers professionals and students a hands-on guide to analyzing algorithms as well as the techniques and applications. The book also includes a collection of questions that may appear in a job interview. The book's website will include reference implementations in Python and C# (which can be easily applied to Java and C++).
A friendly introduction to the most useful algorithms written in simple, intuitive English

The revised and updated second edition of Essential Algorithms, offers an accessible introduction to computer algorithms. The book contains a description of important classical algorithms and explains when each is appropriate. The author shows how to analyze algorithms in order to understand their behavior and teaches techniques that the can be used to create new algorithms to meet future needs. The text includes useful algorithms such as: methods for manipulating common data structures, advanced data structures, network algorithms, and numerical algorithms. It also offers a variety of general problem-solving techniques.

In addition to describing algorithms and approaches, the author offers details on how to analyze the performance of algorithms. The book is filled with exercises that can be used to explore ways to modify the algorithms in order to apply them to new situations. This updated edition of Essential Algorithms:
* Contains explanations of algorithms in simple terms, rather than complicated math
* Steps through powerful algorithms that can be used to solve difficult programming problems
* Helps prepare for programming job interviews that typically include algorithmic questions
* Offers methods can be applied to any programming language
* Includes exercises and solutions useful to both professionals and students
* Provides code examples updated and written in Python and C#

Essential Algorithms has been updated and revised and offers professionals and students a hands-on guide to analyzing algorithms as well as the techniques and applications. The book also includes a collection of questions that may appear in a job interview. The book's website will include reference implementations in Python and C# (which can be easily applied to Java and C++).
Über den Autor

Rod Stephens began his career as a mathematician, but while at MIT he was lured into the intriguing world of algorithms and has been programming ever since. An award-winning instructor, he regularly addresses conferences and has written more than 30 books that have been translated into nearly a dozen languages.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction xxix

Chapter 1 Algorithm Basics 1

Approach 2

Algorithms and Data Structures 2

Pseudocode 3

Algorithm Features 6

Big O Notation 7

Rule 1 8

Rule 2 8

Rule 3 9

Rule 4 9

Rule 5 10

Common Run Time Functions 11

1 11

Log N 11

Sqrt N 14

N 14

N log N 15

N2 15

2N 15

N! 16

Visualizing Functions 16

Practical Considerations 18

Summary 19

Exercises 20

Chapter 2 Numerical Algorithms 23

Randomizing Data 23

Generating Random Values 23

Generating Values 24

Ensuring Fairness 26

Getting Fairness from Biased Sources 28

Randomizing Arrays 29

Generating Nonuniform Distributions 30

Making Random Walks 31

Making Self-Avoiding Walks 33

Making Complete Self-Avoiding Walks 34

Finding Greatest Common Divisors 36

Calculating Greatest Common Divisors 36

Extending Greatest Common Divisors 38

Performing Exponentiation 40

Working with Prime Numbers 42

Finding Prime Factors 42

Finding Primes 44

Testing for Primality 45

Performing Numerical Integration 47

The Rectangle Rule 48

The Trapezoid Rule 49

Adaptive Quadrature 50

Monte Carlo Integration 54

Finding Zeros 55

Gaussian Elimination 57

Forward Elimination 58

Back Substitution 60

The Algorithm 61

Least Squares Fits 62

Linear Least Squares 62

Polynomial Least Squares 64

Summary 67

Exercises 68

Chapter 3 Linked Lists 71

Basic Concepts 71

Singly Linked Lists 72

Iterating Over the List 73

Finding Cells 73

Using Sentinels 74

Adding Cells at the Beginning 75

Adding Cells at the End 76

Inserting Cells After Other Cells 77

Deleting Cells 78

Doubly Linked Lists 79

Sorted Linked Lists 81

Self-Organizing Linked Lists 82

Move to Front (MTF) 83

Swap 83

Count 84

Hybrid Methods 84

Pseudocode 85

Linked-List Algorithms 86

Copying Lists 86

Sorting with Insertionsort 87

Sorting with Selectionsort 88

Multithreaded Linked Lists 90

Linked Lists with Loops 91

Marking Cells 92

Using Hash Tables 93

List Retracing 94

List Reversal 95

Tortoise and Hare 98

Loops in Doubly Linked Lists 100

Summary 100

Exercises 101

Chapter 4 Arrays 103

Basic Concepts 103

One-Dimensional Arrays 106

Finding Items 106

Finding Minimum, Maximum, and Average 107

Finding Median 108

Finding Mode 109

Inserting Items 112

Removing Items 113

Nonzero Lower Bounds 114

Two Dimensions 114

Higher Dimensions 115

Triangular Arrays 118

Sparse Arrays 121

Find a Row or Column 123

Get a Value 124

Set a Value 125

Delete a Value 127

Matrices 129

Summary 131

Exercises 132

Chapter 5 Stacks and Queues 135

Stacks 135

Linked-List Stacks 136

Array Stacks 138

Double Stacks 139

Stack Algorithms 141

Reversing an Array 141

Train Sorting 142

Tower of Hanoi 143

Stack Insertionsort 145

Stack Selectionsort 146

Queues 147

Linked-List Queues 148

Array Queues 148

Specialized Queues 151

Priority Queues 151

Deques 152

Binomial Heaps 152

Binomial Trees 152

Binomial Heaps 154

Merging Trees 155

Merging Heaps 156

Merging Tree Lists 156

Merging Trees 158

Enqueue 161

Dequeue 162

Runtime 163

Summary 163

Exercises 164

Chapter 6 Sorting 167

O(N2 ) Algorithms 168

Insertionsort in Arrays 168

Selectionsort in Arrays 170

Bubblesort 171

O(NlogN) Algorithms 174

Heapsort 175

Storing Complete Binary Trees 175

Defining Heaps 176

Implementing Heapsort 180

Quicksort 181

Analyzing Quicksort's Run Time 182

Picking a Dividing Item 184

Implementing Quicksort with Stacks 185

Implementing Quicksort in Place 185

Using Quicksort 188

Mergesort 189

Sub O(NlogN) Algorithms 192

Countingsort 192

Pigeonhole Sort 193

Bucketsort 195

Summary 197

Exercises 198

Chapter 7 Searching 201

Linear Search 202

Binary Search 203

Interpolation Search 204

Majority Voting 205

Summary 207

Exercises 208

Chapter 8 Hash Tables 209

Hash Table Fundamentals 210

Chaining 211

Open Addressing 213

Removing Items 214

Linear Probing 215

Quadratic Probing 217

Pseudorandom Probing 219

Double Hashing 219

Ordered Hashing 219

Summary 222

Exercises 222

Chapter 9 Recursion 227

Basic Algorithms 228

Factorial 228

Fibonacci Numbers 230

Rod-Cutting 232

Brute Force 233

Recursion 233

Tower of Hanoi 235

Graphical Algorithms 238

Koch Curves 239

Hilbert Curve 241

Sierpi¿ski Curve 243

Gaskets 246

The Skyline Problem 247

Lists 248

Divide and Conquer 249

Backtracking Algorithms 252

Eight Queens Problem 254

Knight's Tour 257

Selections and Permutations 260

Selections with Loops 261

Selections with Duplicates 262

Selections without Duplicates 264

Permutations with Duplicates 265

Permutations without Duplicates 266

Round-Robin Scheduling 267

Odd Number of Teams 268

Even Number of Teams 270

Implementation 271

Recursion Removal 273

Tail Recursion Removal 274

Dynamic Programming 275

Bottom-Up Programming 277

General Recursion Removal 277

Summary 280

Exercises 281

Chapter 10 Trees 285

Tree Terminology 285

Binary Tree Properties 289

Tree Representations 292

Building Trees in General 292

Building Complete Trees 295

Tree Traversal 296

Preorder Traversal 297

Inorder Traversal 299

Postorder Traversal 300

Breadth-First Traversal 301

Traversal Uses 302

Traversal Run Times 303

Sorted Trees 303

Adding Nodes 303

Finding Nodes 306

Deleting Nodes 306

Lowest Common Ancestors 309

Sorted Trees 309

Parent Pointers 310

Parents and Depths 311

General Trees 312

Euler Tours 314

All Pairs 316

Threaded Trees 317

Building Threaded Trees 318

Using Threaded Trees 320

Specialized Tree Algorithms 322

The Animal Game 322

Expression Evaluation 324

Interval Trees 326

Building the Tree 328

Intersecting with Points 329

Intersecting with Intervals 330

Quadtrees 332

Adding Items 335

Finding Items 336

Tries 337

Adding Items 339

Finding Items 341

Summary 342

Exercises 342

Chapter 11 Balanced Trees 349

AVL Trees 350

Adding Values 350

Deleting Values 353

2-3 Trees 354

Adding Values 355

Deleting Values 356

B-Trees 359

Adding Values 360

Deleting Values 361

Balanced Tree Variations 362

Top-down B-trees 363

B+trees 363

Summary 365

Exercises 365

Chapter 12 Decision Trees 367

Searching Game Trees 368

Minimax 369

Initial Moves and Responses 373

Game Tree Heuristics 374

Searching General Decision Trees 375

Optimization Problems 376

Exhaustive Search 377

Branch and Bound 379

Decision Tree Heuristics 381

Random Search 381

Improving Paths 382

Simulated Annealing 384

Hill Climbing 385

Sorted Hill Climbing 386

Other Decision Tree Problems 387

Generalized Partition Problem 387

Subset Sum 388

Bin Packing 388

Cutting Stock 389

Knapsack 390

Traveling Salesman Problem 391

Satisfiability 391

Swarm Intelligence 392

Ant Colony Optimization 393

General Optimization 393

Traveling Salesman 393

Bees Algorithm 394

Swarm Simulation 394

Boids 395

Pseudoclassical Mechanics 396

Goals and Obstacles 397

Summary 397

Exercises 398

Chapter 13 Basic Network Algorithms 403

Network Terminology 403

Network Representations 407

Traversals 409

Depth-First Traversal 410

Breadth-First Traversal 412

Connectivity Testing 413

Spanning Trees 416

Minimal Spanning Trees 417

Euclidean Minimum Spanning Trees 418

Building Mazes 419

Strongly Connected Components 420

Kosaraju's Algorithm 421

Algorithm Discussion 422

Finding Paths 425

Finding Any Path 425

Label-Setting Shortest Paths 426

Label-Correcting Shortest Paths 430

All-Pairs Shortest Paths 431

Transitivity 436

Transitive Closure 437

Transitive Reduction 438

Acyclic Networks 439

General Networks 440

Shortest Path Modifications 441

Shape Points 441

Early Stopping 442

Bidirectional Search 442

Best-First Search 442

Turn Penalties and Prohibitions 443

Geometric Calculations 443

Expanded Node Networks 444

Interchange Networks 445

Summary 447

Exercises 447

Chapter 14 More Network Algorithms 451

Topological Sorting...

Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2019
Fachbereich: Programmiersprachen
Genre: Importe, Informatik
Rubrik: Naturwissenschaften & Technik
Medium: Taschenbuch
Inhalt: Introduction xxixChapter 1 Algorithm Basics 1Approach 2Algorithms and Data Structures 2Pseudocode 3Algorithm Features 6Big O Notation 7Rule 1 8Rule 2 8Rule 3 9Rule 4 9Rule 5 10Common Run Time Functions 111 11Log N 11Sqrt N 14N 14N log N 15N² 152^N 15N! 1
ISBN-13: 9781119575993
ISBN-10: 1119575990
Sprache: Englisch
Herstellernummer: 1W119575990
Einband: Kartoniert / Broschiert
Autor: Stephens, Rod
Auflage: 2nd edition
Hersteller: Wiley
Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Produktsicherheitsverantwortliche/r, Europaallee 1, D-36244 Bad Hersfeld, gpsr@libri.de
Maße: 233 x 187 x 48 mm
Von/Mit: Rod Stephens
Erscheinungsdatum: 29.05.2019
Gewicht: 1,342 kg
Artikel-ID: 115465968
Über den Autor

Rod Stephens began his career as a mathematician, but while at MIT he was lured into the intriguing world of algorithms and has been programming ever since. An award-winning instructor, he regularly addresses conferences and has written more than 30 books that have been translated into nearly a dozen languages.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction xxix

Chapter 1 Algorithm Basics 1

Approach 2

Algorithms and Data Structures 2

Pseudocode 3

Algorithm Features 6

Big O Notation 7

Rule 1 8

Rule 2 8

Rule 3 9

Rule 4 9

Rule 5 10

Common Run Time Functions 11

1 11

Log N 11

Sqrt N 14

N 14

N log N 15

N2 15

2N 15

N! 16

Visualizing Functions 16

Practical Considerations 18

Summary 19

Exercises 20

Chapter 2 Numerical Algorithms 23

Randomizing Data 23

Generating Random Values 23

Generating Values 24

Ensuring Fairness 26

Getting Fairness from Biased Sources 28

Randomizing Arrays 29

Generating Nonuniform Distributions 30

Making Random Walks 31

Making Self-Avoiding Walks 33

Making Complete Self-Avoiding Walks 34

Finding Greatest Common Divisors 36

Calculating Greatest Common Divisors 36

Extending Greatest Common Divisors 38

Performing Exponentiation 40

Working with Prime Numbers 42

Finding Prime Factors 42

Finding Primes 44

Testing for Primality 45

Performing Numerical Integration 47

The Rectangle Rule 48

The Trapezoid Rule 49

Adaptive Quadrature 50

Monte Carlo Integration 54

Finding Zeros 55

Gaussian Elimination 57

Forward Elimination 58

Back Substitution 60

The Algorithm 61

Least Squares Fits 62

Linear Least Squares 62

Polynomial Least Squares 64

Summary 67

Exercises 68

Chapter 3 Linked Lists 71

Basic Concepts 71

Singly Linked Lists 72

Iterating Over the List 73

Finding Cells 73

Using Sentinels 74

Adding Cells at the Beginning 75

Adding Cells at the End 76

Inserting Cells After Other Cells 77

Deleting Cells 78

Doubly Linked Lists 79

Sorted Linked Lists 81

Self-Organizing Linked Lists 82

Move to Front (MTF) 83

Swap 83

Count 84

Hybrid Methods 84

Pseudocode 85

Linked-List Algorithms 86

Copying Lists 86

Sorting with Insertionsort 87

Sorting with Selectionsort 88

Multithreaded Linked Lists 90

Linked Lists with Loops 91

Marking Cells 92

Using Hash Tables 93

List Retracing 94

List Reversal 95

Tortoise and Hare 98

Loops in Doubly Linked Lists 100

Summary 100

Exercises 101

Chapter 4 Arrays 103

Basic Concepts 103

One-Dimensional Arrays 106

Finding Items 106

Finding Minimum, Maximum, and Average 107

Finding Median 108

Finding Mode 109

Inserting Items 112

Removing Items 113

Nonzero Lower Bounds 114

Two Dimensions 114

Higher Dimensions 115

Triangular Arrays 118

Sparse Arrays 121

Find a Row or Column 123

Get a Value 124

Set a Value 125

Delete a Value 127

Matrices 129

Summary 131

Exercises 132

Chapter 5 Stacks and Queues 135

Stacks 135

Linked-List Stacks 136

Array Stacks 138

Double Stacks 139

Stack Algorithms 141

Reversing an Array 141

Train Sorting 142

Tower of Hanoi 143

Stack Insertionsort 145

Stack Selectionsort 146

Queues 147

Linked-List Queues 148

Array Queues 148

Specialized Queues 151

Priority Queues 151

Deques 152

Binomial Heaps 152

Binomial Trees 152

Binomial Heaps 154

Merging Trees 155

Merging Heaps 156

Merging Tree Lists 156

Merging Trees 158

Enqueue 161

Dequeue 162

Runtime 163

Summary 163

Exercises 164

Chapter 6 Sorting 167

O(N2 ) Algorithms 168

Insertionsort in Arrays 168

Selectionsort in Arrays 170

Bubblesort 171

O(NlogN) Algorithms 174

Heapsort 175

Storing Complete Binary Trees 175

Defining Heaps 176

Implementing Heapsort 180

Quicksort 181

Analyzing Quicksort's Run Time 182

Picking a Dividing Item 184

Implementing Quicksort with Stacks 185

Implementing Quicksort in Place 185

Using Quicksort 188

Mergesort 189

Sub O(NlogN) Algorithms 192

Countingsort 192

Pigeonhole Sort 193

Bucketsort 195

Summary 197

Exercises 198

Chapter 7 Searching 201

Linear Search 202

Binary Search 203

Interpolation Search 204

Majority Voting 205

Summary 207

Exercises 208

Chapter 8 Hash Tables 209

Hash Table Fundamentals 210

Chaining 211

Open Addressing 213

Removing Items 214

Linear Probing 215

Quadratic Probing 217

Pseudorandom Probing 219

Double Hashing 219

Ordered Hashing 219

Summary 222

Exercises 222

Chapter 9 Recursion 227

Basic Algorithms 228

Factorial 228

Fibonacci Numbers 230

Rod-Cutting 232

Brute Force 233

Recursion 233

Tower of Hanoi 235

Graphical Algorithms 238

Koch Curves 239

Hilbert Curve 241

Sierpi¿ski Curve 243

Gaskets 246

The Skyline Problem 247

Lists 248

Divide and Conquer 249

Backtracking Algorithms 252

Eight Queens Problem 254

Knight's Tour 257

Selections and Permutations 260

Selections with Loops 261

Selections with Duplicates 262

Selections without Duplicates 264

Permutations with Duplicates 265

Permutations without Duplicates 266

Round-Robin Scheduling 267

Odd Number of Teams 268

Even Number of Teams 270

Implementation 271

Recursion Removal 273

Tail Recursion Removal 274

Dynamic Programming 275

Bottom-Up Programming 277

General Recursion Removal 277

Summary 280

Exercises 281

Chapter 10 Trees 285

Tree Terminology 285

Binary Tree Properties 289

Tree Representations 292

Building Trees in General 292

Building Complete Trees 295

Tree Traversal 296

Preorder Traversal 297

Inorder Traversal 299

Postorder Traversal 300

Breadth-First Traversal 301

Traversal Uses 302

Traversal Run Times 303

Sorted Trees 303

Adding Nodes 303

Finding Nodes 306

Deleting Nodes 306

Lowest Common Ancestors 309

Sorted Trees 309

Parent Pointers 310

Parents and Depths 311

General Trees 312

Euler Tours 314

All Pairs 316

Threaded Trees 317

Building Threaded Trees 318

Using Threaded Trees 320

Specialized Tree Algorithms 322

The Animal Game 322

Expression Evaluation 324

Interval Trees 326

Building the Tree 328

Intersecting with Points 329

Intersecting with Intervals 330

Quadtrees 332

Adding Items 335

Finding Items 336

Tries 337

Adding Items 339

Finding Items 341

Summary 342

Exercises 342

Chapter 11 Balanced Trees 349

AVL Trees 350

Adding Values 350

Deleting Values 353

2-3 Trees 354

Adding Values 355

Deleting Values 356

B-Trees 359

Adding Values 360

Deleting Values 361

Balanced Tree Variations 362

Top-down B-trees 363

B+trees 363

Summary 365

Exercises 365

Chapter 12 Decision Trees 367

Searching Game Trees 368

Minimax 369

Initial Moves and Responses 373

Game Tree Heuristics 374

Searching General Decision Trees 375

Optimization Problems 376

Exhaustive Search 377

Branch and Bound 379

Decision Tree Heuristics 381

Random Search 381

Improving Paths 382

Simulated Annealing 384

Hill Climbing 385

Sorted Hill Climbing 386

Other Decision Tree Problems 387

Generalized Partition Problem 387

Subset Sum 388

Bin Packing 388

Cutting Stock 389

Knapsack 390

Traveling Salesman Problem 391

Satisfiability 391

Swarm Intelligence 392

Ant Colony Optimization 393

General Optimization 393

Traveling Salesman 393

Bees Algorithm 394

Swarm Simulation 394

Boids 395

Pseudoclassical Mechanics 396

Goals and Obstacles 397

Summary 397

Exercises 398

Chapter 13 Basic Network Algorithms 403

Network Terminology 403

Network Representations 407

Traversals 409

Depth-First Traversal 410

Breadth-First Traversal 412

Connectivity Testing 413

Spanning Trees 416

Minimal Spanning Trees 417

Euclidean Minimum Spanning Trees 418

Building Mazes 419

Strongly Connected Components 420

Kosaraju's Algorithm 421

Algorithm Discussion 422

Finding Paths 425

Finding Any Path 425

Label-Setting Shortest Paths 426

Label-Correcting Shortest Paths 430

All-Pairs Shortest Paths 431

Transitivity 436

Transitive Closure 437

Transitive Reduction 438

Acyclic Networks 439

General Networks 440

Shortest Path Modifications 441

Shape Points 441

Early Stopping 442

Bidirectional Search 442

Best-First Search 442

Turn Penalties and Prohibitions 443

Geometric Calculations 443

Expanded Node Networks 444

Interchange Networks 445

Summary 447

Exercises 447

Chapter 14 More Network Algorithms 451

Topological Sorting...

Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2019
Fachbereich: Programmiersprachen
Genre: Importe, Informatik
Rubrik: Naturwissenschaften & Technik
Medium: Taschenbuch
Inhalt: Introduction xxixChapter 1 Algorithm Basics 1Approach 2Algorithms and Data Structures 2Pseudocode 3Algorithm Features 6Big O Notation 7Rule 1 8Rule 2 8Rule 3 9Rule 4 9Rule 5 10Common Run Time Functions 111 11Log N 11Sqrt N 14N 14N log N 15N² 152^N 15N! 1
ISBN-13: 9781119575993
ISBN-10: 1119575990
Sprache: Englisch
Herstellernummer: 1W119575990
Einband: Kartoniert / Broschiert
Autor: Stephens, Rod
Auflage: 2nd edition
Hersteller: Wiley
Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Produktsicherheitsverantwortliche/r, Europaallee 1, D-36244 Bad Hersfeld, gpsr@libri.de
Maße: 233 x 187 x 48 mm
Von/Mit: Rod Stephens
Erscheinungsdatum: 29.05.2019
Gewicht: 1,342 kg
Artikel-ID: 115465968
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