Amanda Lock Swarr

Introduction. Pathologizing Gender Binaries: Intersex Images and Citational Chains 1
Part I. Uncovering: Colonial and Apartheid Legacies
1. Colonial Observations and Fallacies: “Hermaphroditism” in Histories of South Africa 23
2. “Intersex in Four South African Racial Groups in Durban”: Visualizing Scientific Racism and Gendered Medicine 49
Part II. Recovering: Decolonial Intersex Interventions
3. Defying Medical Violence and Social Death: Sally Gross and the Inception of South African Intersex Activism 73
4. #HandsOffCaster: Caster Semenya’s Refusals and the Decolonization of Gender Testing 102
5. Toward an “African Intersex Reference of Intelligence”: Directions in Intersex Organizing 132
Epilogue. Reframing Visions of South African Intersex 156
Acknowledgments 161
Appendix One: Compilation of Works by and Featuring Sally Gross 165
Appendix Two: Cited Twitter Posts Referencing Caster Semenya 167
Appendix Three: African Intersex Movement Priorities (2017, 2019, 2020) 169
Notes 171
References 207
Index 231