Scott Mainwaring is the Eugene and Helen Conley Professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame. His research and teaching focus on democratization, party systems, and Latin American politics. His book with Aníbal Pérez-Liñán, Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America: Emergence, Survival, and Fall, won the Best Book Prizes of the Democracy and Autocracy section of the American Political Science Association and the Political Institutions section of the Latin American Studies Association. Mainwaring was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2010. In April 2019, PS: Political Science and Politics listed him as one of the fifty most cited political scientists in the world. He served as the Jorge Paulo Lemann Professor for Brazil Studies and as faculty co-chair of the Brazil Studies program at Harvard University from 2016 to 2019.

Tarek Masoud is the Ford Foundation Professor of Democracy and Governance at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy

School of Government, and the co-Editor of the National Endowment for Democracy's Journal of Democracy. At the Harvard Kennedy School, he directs the Middle East Initiative and the Initiative on Democracy in Hard Places. He is the author of Counting Islam: Religion, Class, and Elections in Egypt; The Arab Spring: Pathways of Repression and Reform with Jason Brownlee and Andrew Reynolds; as well as several articles and book chapters. He is a 2009 Carnegie Scholar, a trustee of the American University in Cairo, and the recipient of grants from the National Science Foundation and the Paul and Daisy Soros foundation, among others.

• Acknowledgements


• List of Contributors


• List of Tables


• List of Figures


• Abbreviations


• 1. Introduction


• Tarek Masoud and Scott Mainwaring


• 2. India's Democratic Longevity and Its Troubled Trajectory


• Ashutosh Varshney


• 3. The Politics of Permanent Pitfalls: Historical Inheritances and Indonesia's Democratic Survival


• Dan Slater


• 4. Africa's Democratic Outliers: Success Amid Challenges in Benin and South Africa


• Rachel Beatty Riedl


• 5. Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine: Democratic Moments in the Former Soviet Union


• Lucan Ahmad Way


• 6. The Puzzle of Timor-Leste


• Nancy Bermeo


• 7. Economic Crises, Military Rebellions, and Democratic Survival: Argentina, 1983-2020


• Scott Mainwaring and Emilia Simison


• 8. Conclusion


• Scott Mainwaring


• Bibliography


• Index