Richard H. Cummings was the director of security for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty for 15 years beginning in 1980. He currently lives in Düsseldorf, Germany.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

Preface

Abbreviations and Acronyms

1.¿Genesis of American Clandestine Cold War Broadcasting

2.¿Radio Free Europe: The American People's Counter Voice to Communism

3.¿From Radio Liberation to Radio Liberty to RFE/RL

4.¿Clandestine Broadcasts from Greece to Bulgaria and Romania

5.¿A Seaborne CIA Fiasco and the Voice of Free Albania (VOFA)

6.¿Black Radio to the Baltic States from Radio Nacional de EspanÞa (RNE)

7.¿Black Broadcasts to Ukraine from Greece and RNE

8.¿Focus on Russia: Our Russia, Radio Free Russia and TsOPE

9.¿Clandestine Radio to Byelorussia and to Slovakia

Conclusion

Appendix A: Selected CIA Cryptonyms

Appendix B: National Security Council Directive 5412/2

Appendix C: Radio Nacional Propaganda Broadcasts

Appendix D: Frank Wisner Memorandum, November 22, 1950

Appendix E: Extracts from 1953 Jackson Report on Radio Free Europe-National Committee for Free Europe

Appendix F: Extracts from 1953 Jackson Report on Radio Liberty

Appendix G: Termination of Voice of Free Albania Broadcasts-Termination of HTGRUBBY Broadcasts

Appendix H: Personal History of Ferdinand Dur¿ansky

Chapter Notes

Bibliography

Index