Section I: History.- History of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) - initial understanding and development.- Section II: Basics.- Pathogenesis - various proposed mechanisms.- Histopathology - recent understanding in relationship with imaging.- Electron microscopy - update in choroidal changes.- Section III: Clinical classification.- Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - clinical features, imaging, protocols and outcomes.- CNV secondary to pathologic myopia - clinical features, imaging and treatment outcomes.- Pachychoroid related CNV - recent updates, imaging and outcomes.- Inflammatory CNV - clinical features, imaging and treatment outcomes.- Dystrophy related CNV - clinical features, imaging and treatment outcomes.- CNV secondary to angioid streaks - clinical features, imaging and treatment protocols.- Idiopathic CNV - clinical features, imaging and treatment outcomes.- CNV associated with idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia -clinical features, imaging and treatment outcomes.- CNV associated with other causes - laser induced, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, choroidal osteoma, trauma, choroidal coloboma, choroidal nevus, etc.- Peripapillary CNVM - overview of various causes, imaging features and treatment outcomes.- Pediatric CNVM - overview of various causes, imaging features and treatment outcomes.- Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) - clinical features, imaging and treatment outcomes.- Section IV: Treatment options.- Anti-VEGF current options - Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab, Aflibercept, Ziv-aflibercept, Conbercept.- Photodynamic therapy - current status in anti-VEGF era.- Surgical intervention - graft, retinal implant, the implantable miniature telescope, surgical removal of CNV, subretinal tissue plasminogen activator.- Section V: Clinical trials.- n-AMD trials - comprehensive overview of PDT and anti-VEGF trials in AMD.- Myopic CNV trials - comprehensive overview of PDT and anti-VEGF trials in AMD.- Non-AMD CNV trials - comprehensive overview of various trials in non-AMD related CNV causes.- PCV trials - comprehensive overview of PDT and anti-VEGF trials in PCV.- Section VI: Future directions.- Stem cells in AMD - current status and future expectations.- Newer molecules - newer targets in CNV and the upcoming research.- Radiotherapy - role of radiotherapy and clinical trials.- Other options - role of subthreshold laser, and other therapies in CNV.- Section VII: Rehabilitation.- Low vision aids.- Peripheral vision development - newer approach for macular diseases.- Monitoring techniques - advanced home monitoring techniques and initial experience.