Mehmet ¿akmak served as Professor in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, University of Istanbul, Turkey from 1992 to 2011. He first joined the Faculty of Medicine in Istanbul as a research assistant in 1973, subsequently becoming a Specialist in Orthopaedics and Traumatology in 1978 and Associate Professor in 1985. Dr. ¿akmak is a longstanding member of the Turkish Orthopaedics and Traumatology Association (TOTDER) and the Ilizarov Association. He is the author of 66 articles in peer-reviewed international journals and of numerous book chapters.

Cengiz ¿en works in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey. He graduated from Cerrahpäa Medical School, Istanbul University in 1988 and subsequently completed a Specialization in Orthopaedics and Traumatology at the Medical School of Istanbul, Istanbul University, and Fellowships at Baltimore Sinai Hospital, Maryland, USA and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. His special interests are limb lengthening and reconstruction and adult reconstruction. He is the author of more than 60 articles in peer-reviewed international journals.

Levent Eralp is a Professor in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey, where he has worked since entering a Residency in 1992. His particular interests include oncologic orthopedics, adult reconstruction, bone lengthening and deformity correction, external fixation, and total joint replacement. He is a member of the International Society of Limb Salvage (ISOLS), Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie (SICOT), and the Turkish Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (TOTB¿D). He is the author of numerous articles in

Halil Ibrahim Balc¿ is an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey. He graduated from Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul in 2004 and then completed a Residency in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medical School and a clinical and research fellowship at the Paley Institute, St Mary Hospital, West Palm Beach, USA. He is a qualified Specialist in Orthopaedics and Traumatology (FEBOT) with particular experience in traumatology, deformity correction, and sports medicine.

Provides step-by-step descriptions of techniques

Highlights clinical pearls and pitfalls

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Meets the needs of both novice and more experienced surgeons

History.- The philosophy of Ilizarov.- Biological fundamentals of Ilizarov method.- Osteogenesis of distraction.- Components and purpose of Ilizarov system.- Biomechanical principals of Ilizarov external fixator application.- Frame setting techniques.- Types and emplacement of hinges.- Control of fragments.- Kirschner wire application techniques.- Corticotomy techniques.- Lengthening and treatment of limb lenght inequality.- Treatment of pseudoarthrosis by Ilizarov technique.- Treatment of soft tissue contractures by Ilizarov technique.- Ilizarov techniques on treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.- Complications and difficulties.- Introduction to planning of deformity.- Drawing the bone axis of lower extremity on frontal plane.- Mal-alignment test.- Bone deformities of lower extremity on frontal plane.- Drawing the bone axis of lower extremity on saggital plane.- The test of bad inclination.- Bone deformities of lower extremity on saggital plane.- Bone deformities of lower extremity on oblique plane.- Multiapical deformities.- Deformities of translation and angulation.- Rotational deformities.- Anatomical and mechnanical planning.- Types and rules of osteotomy.- Deformities of hip and femur.- Deformities of knee and tibia.- Deformities of foot and ankle.- Deformities of upper extremity.- Deformities caused by metabolical bone diseases.- Deformities caused by smooth tissue contracture over joints.- Fractures of humerus.- Fractures of radius and ulna.- Fractures of the wrist and the hand.- Fractures of pelvis.- Fractures of femur.- Fractures of tibia.- Fractures of the foot.